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| 題 名 | Reduction in Genetic Variability for Quantitative Trait Prescutellar Bristle Number of Melon Fly [Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)]=瓜實蠅[Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)]中胸背板剛毛遺傳變異之縮減 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 鄭允; 王志賢; 黃毓斌; 江明耀; 呂秀英; 吳東鴻; 楊崇民; 粘君琪; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
| 卷 期 | 67:4 2018.12[民107.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁337-346 |
| 分類號 | 387.795 |
| 關鍵詞 | 數量遺傳; 中胸背板剛毛; 瓜實蠅; Quantitative genetic; Prescutellar bristle; Melon fly; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 瓜實蠅[Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)]之中胸背板剛毛(prescutellar bristles; prsc)係由數量遺傳(quantitative genetics)控制,其數量由2-20根不等,但野生族群中,2根剛毛之表現型(2 prsc phenotype;2PHT)卻占95%,而偏離了連續分布 (continuous trait)之基本分布,其原因究竟為何?本研究是以2 prsc(2P)品系與多剛毛品系(multiple prsc strain; MB-strain)進行雜交並觀察其子代之表現型分布頻度進行分析,觀察結果發現2P品系(野生型)為親本時,壓縮多剛毛品系之表現而偏離數量遺傳之均值原則(additive),在二者之子代中,親本之均值(midparent; MP)變化為4-8 prsc間時,子代prsc mean(PM)值為3.6-4.7其範圍僅為1.1,有明顯的緩衝現象 (biological buffering),可在MP/PM 圖示中顯示 (比照genotype–phenotype map, Hansen 2006)。多剛毛品系不同表現型之子代prsc則與親本之平均值成正比。MP 在9-12 prsc間,PM之變異也為9-12 prsc,而依數量遺傳之additive準則互動。依Conner & Hartl(2004)報導,就PM偏離均質 (MP)方法分析,發現2P品系後代之PM均低於MP,在二則回交測試中均顯示2P品系之PM壓縮特質為可遺傳性,在後繼之子代中且有累進壓縮prsc之效應。而在模擬2P及MB兩品系,在田間以群體方式進行自由選擇繁殖(random mating) 所產生之子代表現型頻度,發現2P品系對MB品系有3:2之繁殖優勢,而其後續繁殖之子代中,中胸剛毛之平均數量及分布均不斷地減縮,與觀察田間族群之低變異性所得相符。由此研究所得結論為2P品系有減少子代prsc數量之特質,此特質有遺傳性及累進性。只要與2P品系雜交後,prsc數量即不斷地減少,而趨向田間所見之2P野生型。 |
| 英文摘要 | The number of prescutellar bristles (prsc) in melon fly, Bactrocera (Zeugocacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett), is quantitative genetic controlled. The polygenic characters are usually expressed in the continuous traits, but the prsc polymorphism in melon flies are limited to only two phenotypes, 2 prsc phenotype (2PHT) and 4 prsc phenotype (4PHT) at 95% and 5% of the field population, respectively. How a single phenotype dominated a complete prsc trait in genetics and this phenotype happen to have the fewest prsc number among all phenotypes, and how the prsc variability is reduced may be the first question to be studied. A multiple prsc (MB) strain with 6 to 19 prsc bristles and operated only on additive quantitative genetics has been chosen to compare the prsc variability of 2PHT. Both 2PHT and 12PHT were separately single paired with 6, 8, 10, and 12 prsc phenotypes in two serial crosses and the prsc phenotypes of their progeny were analyzed for possible clues. In 2PHT serial crosses, the prsc mean (PM) varied from 3.6 to 4.7 in a 4-8 prsc midparent (MP) window, the biological buffering effect replaced the additive variation of quantitative genetics, as the variation of PM is buffered within 1.1 prsc. In MB series, within a MP window of 9-12 prsc, the PM varied additively from 8.5 to 12.0 prsc without prsc number reduction. The buffering and additive effect of prsc with respected to 2PHT and 12PHT serial crosses were illustrated in the PM-MP map (modified from the genotype-phenotype map or G-P map). The comparative study confirmed that 2PHT is the genetic source of prsc variability reduction. By the backcross tests of 2PHT progeny, the heritability and the cumulative effect of prsc reduction were observed. A simulation of random mating between 2PHT and MB strain was conducted, 2PHT and MB strains mated freely and the reproductive advantage was estimated at 3/2 for 2PHT, another possible factor in reducing the prsc number and variability. Once MB strain mated with 2PHT, the prsc variability reduction could be functional in stabilizing selection for generations, as the observation of four generations of sibling mating, the PM lowered from 4.9 to 3.2, the variance lowered from 15.0 to 2.7, and prsc phenotype trait shortened from 19 to 11 bristles. |
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