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題 名 | 颱風事件對河川水質的影響--以花蓮地區馬太鞍溪與萬里溪為例=Typhoons and Their Effect on River Water Quality: A Case Study of the Ma-an and Wan-li River, Hualien |
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作 者 | 王志惠; 劉瑩三; 江漢全; | 書刊名 | 臺灣鑛業 |
卷 期 | 70:3 2018.09[民107.09] |
頁 次 | 頁15-26 |
分類號 | 445.213 |
關鍵詞 | 河川水質污染程度指數; 河川水質; 崩塌地; 花蓮; RPI; River water pollution index; River water quality; Landslide; Hualien; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣位於歐亞板塊與菲律賓海板塊的交界縫合帶,隆升、斷層與褶皺構造明顯且發達。由於形成山地地形約占全島面積的三分之二,集水區地勢高峻、河川剖面陡、河流短而急,使得臺灣的河川具有非常高的侵蝕速率及河流輸砂量。近年來,受到全球暖化與極端降雨的影響,導致造成更大、更多集水區崩塌,提高河川物理及化學風化的剝蝕作用,對河川的水體水質造成影響。本研究藉由每日及颱風期間高頻率採樣與分析,以河川水質污染程度指數(River Pollution Index, RPI)探討花蓮縣馬太鞍溪及萬里溪的河川水質,並藉由環保署歷年資料與本研究數據進行分析,瞭解颱風事件及降雨等自然因素對河川RPI的影響,同時亦針對採樣頻率進行討論。結果顯示,2014年計有麥德姆及鳳凰颱風影響花蓮,馬太鞍溪RPI達嚴重污染的天數分別為58天與20天,萬里溪RPI達嚴重污染的天數則分別為40天與15天,颱風對馬太鞍溪嚴重污染影響的天數高於萬里溪。另外,河川懸浮固體(Suspended Solids, SS)在未降雨情況約3mg/L,梅雨季節最高約500 mg/L,颱風季節最高可達7,000~8,000 mg/L,即降雨過後伴隨SS濃度增加,尤其颱風過後造成河川中的SS增加,颱風事件對於RPI影響達嚴重污染天數至少15天,倘後續再降雨其影響的時間會更久。進一步分析兩流域各季節的SS之間的關係,颱風期間馬太鞍溪及萬里溪SS平均濃度分別為4,722及2,587 mg/L;枯水期平均濃度為21、18 mg/L;梅雨期間平均濃度為43、22 mg/L;豐水期平均濃度為473、230 mg/L,馬太鞍溪SS無論是枯水期、豐水期、梅雨季節及颱風期間皆高於萬里溪。分析原因,馬太鞍溪與萬里溪為相鄰之集水區,具有類似之地質及平均坡度與水系密度(Drainage density, km/km^2)相仿的情況,除了降雨造成之流量因素為SS升高的關鍵因素外,河川上游崩塌情形對水質指標亦有重要影響;統計結果亦顯示,馬太鞍溪集水區崩塌地的個數及面積皆大於萬里溪,造成颱風對馬太鞍溪SS影響的時間及濃度皆高於萬里溪。另外,河川水質採樣頻率,在平日未降雨情況下,未降雨期間採樣乙次即可,無須每個月採樣,於颱風或暴雨期間兩週採樣乙次,即可掌握河川水質狀況。 |
英文摘要 | Taiwan is located at the junction of the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. The uplift, faults, and folds are well developed. Due to the formation mountainous terrain which amounts for about two thirds of the island area, the steep terrain of the catchment area, the steep river profile, and the short and acute rivers make Taiwan's river have a very high erosion rate and high river sediment discharge. In recent years, global warming and extreme rainfall have led to the erosion and collapse of larger and more watershed, denudation of river physical and chemical weathering, which influence the water quality of river. In this study, river quality of the Ma-an River and Wan-li River in Hualien County was explored by high-frequency sampling and analysis during daily and typhoon periods with the river pollution index (RPI). Based on historical data from the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) and the data of this study are analyzed to understand the impact of typhoon events and rainfall and other natural factors on river RPI. At the same time, the sampling frequency is also discussed. The results show that the number of days of severe pollution by RPI of the Ma-an River were 58 days and 20 days during the period of typhoons Matmo and Fung-wong, respectively, and the days of serious pollution by RPI of the Wan-li River were 40 days and 15 days respectively. It indicates that typhoons have longer impacts on the Ma-an River than the Wan-li River in severe pollution terms. In addition, suspended solids (SS) in the river are about 3mg/L in the case of no rain, about 500 mg/L (maximum) in the rainy season (Plum Rains season), and up to 7,000-8,000 mg/L in the typhoon season, suggesting that rainfall and SS intensity are correlated. In particular, SS concentration increases significantly after the rainfall, especially after the typhoon. Typhoon events have a severe impact on RPI for at least 15 days and will take longer for subsequent rains. Further analysis of the relationship between the SS of the two watersheds in each season show that during the typhoon period, the mean SS concentrations in the Ma-an River and Wan-li River were 4,722 mg/L and 2,587 mg/L, respectively. The average concentrations of SS in dry, Plum Rains, and rainy seasons were 21 mg/L and 18 mg/L, 43 mg/L and 22 mg/L, and 473 mg/L and 230 mg/L, respectively. Regardless of period or season, the SS intensity of the Ma-an River is higher than that of the Wan-li River. Ma-an River and Wan-li River are adjacent catchment areas with similar geology and average slope and analogous density of water system. In addition to the rain-fall-induced flow factors, which are the key factors in the increase of SS, the collapse of the upper reaches of the river also has an important impact on water quality. The statistical results also indicate that number and area of the collapsed land of catchment area in Ma-an River are both greater than that of the Wan-li River, causing the duration and concentration of SS in Ma-an River affected by typhoon both higher than that of the Wan-li River. In terms of river water sampling frequency, in the case of normal no rainfall, sampling once, do not sample every month; during a typhoon or heavy rain, sampling once in two weeks to find out the river water quality. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。