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題名 | 日本「愛努諮問機關」之研究:原住民族研究觀點的制度性反思=An Analysis of the Ainu-Related Councils: A View from Indigenous Studies |
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作者姓名(中文) | 黃之棟; | 書刊名 | 行政暨政策學報 |
卷期 | 66 2018.06[民107.06] |
頁次 | 頁85-113 |
分類號 | 536.31 |
關鍵詞 | 愛努; 原住民族; 諮問機關; 審議會; 日本; Ainu; Indigenous peoples; Japan; Advisory council; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在當代政府體系中,各種委員會形式的決策機制所在多有。這種決策模式,也對當代民主課責產生了重大的影響。在各個先進國家裡,日本大概是使用這類委員制度會最多的國家之一。從中央到地方,該國存在了各類型的「諮問機關」。其中,愛努議題更是當中顯例。由於日本並未設置「原住民族代表性行政機關」(indigenous representative agency),因此該國的原住民族政策,都是透過懇話會、有識者懇談會、政策推進會議等「諮問機關」模式推動。由此可知,日本的模式相當特殊。對此,本研究擬以愛努政策為核心,透過理論與實證的交相辯證,來對日本諮問機關制度、原住民族政策進行探究,進而對之批判地檢討。由於日本制度發展多年,過程中也歷經多次改革,相信日本的經驗可以成為他國原住民族與委員會政策的重要參照點。 |
英文摘要 | The Japanese government recognized the Ainu as "an indigenous people with a distinct language, religion and culture" in 2008. This official recognition was a turning point in Japan's indigenous policy. However, since there is no indigenous representative agency in Japan, its Ainu policies are decided through a series of advisory, or policy promotion councils. That is, although bureaucrats and politicians still play an important role in the decision-making process, most decisions are made through expert councils/panels. Given such a clear distinction, this article attempts to analyze Japan's indigenous policy through Ainu-related councils. It argues that expert-based councils under the Office of Cabinet Secretariat have shaped its current policy. Therefore, looking into Japan's advisory council system is the only way to reach a fuller understanding of its system. In so doing, this article further aims to clarify its limits and possibilities. Hopefully, Japan’s experience can be learned and used in other indigenous contexts. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。