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題名 | 漢代邊塞的弓弩與秋射活動=Crossbows Used in the Borderlands and Autumn Shoots Activities of Han-Dynasty |
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作者姓名(中文) | 盧美麗; 蔡輝炯; 蔡文晉; | 書刊名 | 藝見學刊 |
卷期 | 14 2017.10[民106.10] |
頁次 | 頁1-9 |
分類號 | 993.31 |
關鍵詞 | 漢代邊塞; 弓弩; 秋射; Borderland of Han-Dynasty; Crossbows; Autumn shoots; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 匈奴為漢代首要邊患駐守邊境之漢軍將士來源不外乎當地居民或從內地郡縣徵調而來在前線戰地接受射箭教育是極為重要的生存技能除從軍之外亦可增加其射獵之能。本文擬針對漢代邊塞的弓弩形制、使用狀況及邊塞吏卒的射箭教育為題加以探討對這項古老的體育競技的情況進行分析與說明。首先探討漢代的弓、弩、拋石機及鏃、菔等出土實物之形制。其次針對漢簡文書中的都試與秋射的差異進行分析。最後再專文探討軍中的射箭教育與勞績計算方式。當時邊塞明確規定士吏、候長、隧長都要參加秋射考試。如秋射十二矢全中則直接積勞九十日對邊塞吏卒而言賞賜不可不謂之優厚。由此看來射御之術自古以來就是體育教育中極為重要的一環。想要升上士吏、候長、隧長等基層官吏磨練使用弓弩的戰鬥技巧是極為重要的至於使用刀劍則不見有特殊考核至少肯定不在秋射的考課範圍內。若基層吏卒不具備優秀的弓弩操控能力是很難在邊塞漢軍中生存發展的。 |
英文摘要 | Huns is a primary enemy of Han Dynasty. The soldiers stationed on the border come from local or inner counties. Receiving archery education is very important survival skills at the battlefront. In addition to joining the army, shooting skills are also improved. This study is to investigate the shapes and usage of crossbows and archery education used in the borderlands of Han Dynasty, to analyze and describe the ancient sports competition. First, we study the shapes of unearthed cultural relics, including bows, crossbows, rubbing machines, and arrowheads. Secondly, analyzing the differences between examinations and autumn shoots described in documents of Han Dynasty. Finally, discussing the archery education and performance evaluation. It is clearly defined all officers should take the examination of Autumn Shoots. You would have 90-day performances if get all 12 shoots. For officers in the borderlands, it is a large reward. It shows shoot skills is very important for physical education since ancient times. If you want to be promoted to the basic-level officers, exercising the skills of using crossbows is significant. Regarding using swords is not necessarily with special performances, especially, it is not within the assessment of Autumn Shoots. It is difficult to develop in the army of borderland for those basic-level officers without brilliant skills of using crossbows. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。