頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 乳牛之基因體選拔=Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle |
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作 者 | 趙俊炫; 趙俊傑; 張菊犁; 陳志峰; 賈玉祥; | 書刊名 | 台灣農學會報 |
卷 期 | 18:1 2017.03[民106.03] |
頁 次 | 頁83-96 |
分類號 | 437.39 |
關鍵詞 | 乳牛; 基因體選拔; 單核苷酸多態性; Dairy cattle; Genomic selection; SNP; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 基因體選拔是一種分子輔助標記育種技術,藉由基因體DNA 定序發現大量單核苷酸多態性 (SNP) 及以基因型鑑定方法亦發現眾多SNP,使用涵蓋整個基因體的SNP 作為DNA 標記,可以讓所有數量性狀基因座 (QTL) 至少會與一個DNA 標記以連鎖不平衡方式來連接辨識。這種基因體選拔技術已經成為趨勢,尤以乳業先進國家已陸續建立荷蘭牛和其他乳牛品種例行的基因體評估。為了估計乳牛的基因體育種價 (GEBV),須有一群同時有表型紀錄且有基因型鑑定的基礎族群 (reference population),以得知所有微效基因或小片段DNA 所導致性狀差異性或其貢獻度,並以計算預測方程式,擷取每一個SNP 對性狀的效應,而後再鑑定其子代或另一族群之個體基因型,以該個體所擁有已知之微效基因或小片段DNA 遺傳來預估效應,如此涵蓋整個加總效應基因體即為基因體育種價。模擬實驗結果證實,只利用基因標記是可以正確地預測育種價。基因體選拔的最大優點是能縮短證明為優質的動物所需時間,例如乳用種公牛的證明時間可由5年縮短至2年,因而加速了性能遺傳改進。 |
英文摘要 | Genomic selection is a molecular marker-assisted selection technology. Genetic DNA markers covering the entire genome can have sufficient linkage disequilibrium with the quantitative trait loci (QTL). The whole-genome sequence found a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and efficient genotyping methods. Genomic selection technology has been widely used in detecting QTL for traits in the dairy industry and has established regular genome evaluation in Holstein dairy cattle and other species in dairy advanced countries. To estimate cattle GEBV, a large number of individuals were measured for the trait and genotyped by the genetic markers (reference population). This could detect the contribution from small effect loci or DNA fragments of chromosome in trait performance, and then calculate the prediction equation. This prediction equation can be applied to a group of animals or offspring having genotypes but no phenotypes, and can be used to select the best animals with the desired genetic architecture to carry for breeding. This breeding value is termed a GEBV summing the estimated effects across the entire genome of the animal. The simulation results confirmed the use of genetic markers alone can predict the breeding value with high accuracy. Prediction equations from the reference population with detailed phenotypic and genotypic data could be used for selection program. To utilize the biggest advantage of genomic selection, it will shorten the generation interval of livestock animals, and increase the speed of genetic improvement. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。