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題名 | 颱風擾動後台灣中部蓮華池森林動態樣區木本植物的傷害及更新=Damage and Regeneration of Trees in the Liehuachih Forest Dynamics Plot in Central Taiwan after Typhoons Disturbance |
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作者姓名(中文) | 張勵婉; 陳意婷; 黃正良; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷期 | 32:1 2017.03[民106.03] |
頁次 | 頁1-14 |
分類號 | 436.36 |
關鍵詞 | 颱風擾動; 森林動態樣區; 傷害; 樹木更新; Typhoon disturbance; Forest dynamics plot; Damage; Tree regeneration; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 颱風是台灣自然生態系最常遭遇的天然災害,為瞭解因颱風的擾動對森林樹木的影響,以及颱風 過後森林內物種的更新機制,需要經由地面即時調查與監測。本研究在台灣中部蓮華池25 ha森林動態 樣區內,於2008年颱風季過後,展開詳細的地面調查及更新監測。結果顯示,颱風所帶來豪雨共引起 11處崩塌,面積共9159.47 m2,發生的崩塌區域多分佈於溪谷兩側及下坡處;強風對於樹木的傷害主 要以樹木倒伏及樹冠層、枝條的損傷,豪雨引發的崩塌多造成樹木消失及死亡;另颱風對小徑級植株 的傷害大於中、大徑級的植株,優勢種的數量及底面積受颱風傷害比例較低,而先驅種及稀有種所受 傷害的比例較高。 此外,將崩塌區域分為崩塌地內、邊緣過渡帶及崩塌地外三個區域,設置1 ×1 m小樣方於 2009~2012年進行更新小苗及地被覆蓋度監測。結果顯示,崩塌地內及邊緣過渡帶區域小苗密度、物 種種類及地被覆蓋度皆增加,但先驅樹種比例下降,各項監測數值變動幅度大,又以崩塌地內較為激 烈;但崩塌地外則呈現幼苗密度、種類、新增數量、先驅樹種比例變動較其他兩個區域小且穩定的趨 勢。另崩塌地內先驅樹種的比例及每株苗木的平均高度生長量都明顯較其他兩個區域高。而各區域內 更新小苗與原本該區上層木本植物之Sorenson相似性指數,以崩塌地內之相似性最低為26.82%,邊緣 過渡帶次之37.38%,而崩塌地外和原本該區的相似度最高41.65%。 總體而言,2008年颱風擾動帶來豪雨及強風,豪雨造成的崩塌,對台灣中部蓮華池森林樹木所造 成的傷害大於強風的影響,也因颱風造成新的更新棲位,有利於不同種類植物的更新與共存,維持了 蓮華池森林物種的多樣性。 |
英文摘要 | Typhoons are the common natural disturbances in Taiwan. In order to study species regeneration, coexistence and maintenance of biodiversity of forests, immediate field surveys and monitoring should be done. In 2008, we surveyed a forest after typhoon season, and monitored species regeneration in the Lienhuachih forest dynamics plot in central Taiwan. Our results showed 11 landslide areas caused by typhoons totalled 9159.47 m2, and most landslide areas were located in the valley and on lower slopes. Strong winds caused trees to fall down and branches or the canopy to be damaged; heavy rainfall caused tree death or disappearance. The typhoon caused greater damages to trees with a small diameter at breast hight than to larger ones. The typhoon also caused greater damage to the number of individuals and basal area of pioneer and rare species than it did to dominant species. In addition, we set up 1×1 m plots and divided landslides into 3 areas, the center of the landslide area, edge of the landslide area, and non-landslide areas, to study differences in regeneration of tree species and understory coverage during 2009~2012. Our results showed that for landslide areas and edges of landslide areas, the density, number of species, and understory coverage increased, but the proportion of pioneer species decreased. The number of seedlings that regenerated changed very dramatically, especially in landslide areas. In contrast, in non-landslide areas, the density, number of species, recruitment, and proportion of pioneer species changed less than in the other 2 areas or were stable. The proportion of pioneer species and average growth per seedling were significantlies higher than in the other 2 areas. Then, we used the Sorenson similarity index to understand similarity between regenerated seedlings and overstory trees. The Sorenson similarity index was the lowest at 26.82% in landslide areas, 37.38% in edges of landslide areas, and 41.65% in non-landslide areas. Overall, our study concluded that when typhoons hit landslide formed, more trees were damaged by heavy rainfall than by strong winds in 2008, and new niches were formed, which benefited tree species regeneration and maintained tree diversity and coexistence in the Lienhuachih broadleaf forest. |
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