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題 名 | 如何彌補海岸的生態衝擊?海岸管理法生態衝擊彌補機制之檢討=How to Compensate the Ecological Impact of Coastal Areas? A Review of the Coastal Ecological Losses Compensation Mechanism of the Coastal Management Act in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 何彥陞; | 書刊名 | 中國土木水利工程學刊 |
卷 期 | 28:3 2016.09[民105.09] |
頁 次 | 頁219-229 |
分類號 | 554.5 |
關鍵詞 | 生態衝擊彌補; 海岸管理法; 開發行為; 零淨損失; Ecological losses compensation; Coastal zone management act; Development activity; No net loss; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 任何海岸的開發利用對生態環境都有損害,若開發是無可避免,如何創造環保與經濟雙贏,成為最重要的課題。2015年台灣通過海岸管理法,規定海岸重大開發利用應擬具海岸管理措施說明書,徵得主管機關許可。在一級海岸保護區以外之海岸地區開發利用,需研擬海岸生態衝擊彌補機制。本文針對海岸管理法生態衝擊彌補機制進行研究,參考美國生態補償之相關規範與執行方式,並以以以以地為以以進行生態彌補的模擬。依本研究之模擬,開發將發生總生態價值面積淨損失183.36公頃,若採取提高彌補面積模式,至少需要11.112公頃的土地。若採用提高生態係數模式,則生態係數至少提昇到0.5556。若採取面積與生態係數皆提高模式,則生態係數要提高至0.53,面積需要達10.483公頃。另外,本研究亦發現海岸管理法未以「零淨損失」為目的規範生態衝擊彌補,並以「工程導向」規定許可之條件,對於生態價值的計算亦無規範,而後續的監督管理、生態效益監測、生態效益評估標準等亦付之闕如。本文建議應建立妥適之生態衝擊彌補機制,以落實海岸管理法之立法目的與精神。 |
英文摘要 | Any kind of development and land use of coastal areas will damage the coastal ecosystem and the environment. How to balance the environmental protection and the economic development has become the most important issue. In the "Coastal Zone Management Act 2015", especially for the development and land use of coastal areas, development units should address coastal management measures manual, and be allowed by the competent authority. Moreover, the development units need to make ecological losses compensation method outside the first class coastal protection area. However, the principle of Coast ecological losses compensation for coastal development has not been defined clearly in the law. This paper researched the existing regulations and Coastal Zone Management Act, and analyzed that what principles should be legalize in the ecological losses compensation system. This paper reviewed the relevant provisions of the United States, and surveyed the characteristics of the coastal development management system in Taiwan, then this paper proposed the management principles for the ecological losses compensation and used the Yiwu Wetland as a case to analyze the compensation of coastal wetlands. The total net loss of ecological value of the area in the hypothetical case is 183.36 hectares. If we increase area mode, it needs at least 11.112 hectares. If we increase Ecological factor mode, then it at enhance the ecological factor to 0.5556. If we increase both the area and ecological factor, it improves the ecological factor to 0.53, with the area of 10.483 hectares. The study found that the Coastal Management Act does not take "no net loss" as the goal to stipulate the Ecological losses compensation, and tends to "engineering- oriented" as the conditions permit. Law does not require the calculation of the ecological value, follow-up supervision and management, ecological monitoring, ecological reply evaluation criteria. This study suggested that we should establish an appropriate mechanism to compensate the ecological impact to implement the purpose of the Coastal Management Act. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。