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題名 | 經九年水稻玉米輪作下不同施肥管理對土壤氮和磷劃分之影響=Effect of Different Fertilization Managements on the Changes of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fractions under Rice and Corn Rotation for Nine Years |
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作者 | 周恩存; 王鐘和; 鍾仁賜; 陳琦玲; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 65:3 2016.09[民105.09] |
頁次 | 頁313-327 |
分類號 | 434.223 |
關鍵詞 | 可水解氮; 不可水解氮; 碳酸氫鈉溶液可萃取磷; 鹽酸溶液可萃取磷; Hydrolyzable nitrogen; Nonhydrolyzable nitrogen; Sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus; Hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 氮與磷是作物栽培上需要不斷補充之養分,然有許多因子會影響氮與磷在土壤中的轉變與有效性。本研究目的在探討施用不同種類之肥料在水(水稻)旱(玉米)田輪作下,經9年後對土壤中氮與磷劃分之影響。試驗共有7種施肥處理,分別為:(1)未施肥之對照組 (CK)、(2)化學氮肥區(Chem-N)、(3)堆肥區(Comp)、(4)堆肥與化學氮肥區之化學氮肥1/3用量共用區(Comp + 1/3 N)、(5)堆肥與化學氮肥區之化學氮肥2/3用量共用區(Comp + 2/3 N)、(6)綠肥與化學氮肥區之化學氮肥1/3用量共用區(GM + 1/3 N)、(7)泥炭與化學氮肥區之化學氮肥1/3 用量共用區(Peat + 1/3 N)。經栽培作物9年後,採取土壤以Bremner (1965a, 1965b, 1965c)的方法將氮劃分,以Sui et al. (1999)之序列萃取法將磷劃分。結果顯示,化學肥料施用對土壤,總氮與有機態氮無增加之效應,但卻使可水解氮濃度與占總氮的比例上升;堆肥與泥炭增加土壤總氮與有機態氮,且可水解氮與不可水解氮亦增加;與堆肥共用而多施之化學氮肥也無增加土壤總氮與有機態氮之作用;綠肥可緩慢提高土壤總氮與可水解氮。堆肥能增加可水解氮劃分之胺基酸態氮與可水解銨態氮濃度,其餘施肥處理對不可辨認的可水解氮及胺基醣態氮濃度之影響則較小。施磷肥使磷劃分分佈趨勢改變,留存之肥料磷主要轉變成碳酸氫鈉萃取無機磷與氫氧化鈉萃取無機磷。磷肥施用量多時,此兩劃分相對也增加較多,但有機質之性質會改變磷肥施用之影響,殘餘磷與鹽酸萃取磷受施肥管理之影響則較小。 |
英文摘要 | Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most common limiting nutrient on the growth and yield of crops. There are many factors that influence the availability and transformation of N and P in soils. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different fertilization managements and application of different kinds of fertilizers on the different fractions of soil N and P under uplandlowland (corn and rice) rotation for nine years. There were seven treatments, namely, 1. CK (without fertilization), 2. Chem-N (applying chemical N fertilizer only), 3. Comp (applying compost with the same rate as N of Chem-N treatment), 4. Comp + l/3 N (applying compost complemented with 33% of chemical N fertilizer as Chem-N treatment), 5. Comp + 2/3 N (applying compost complemented with 66% of chemical N fertilizer as Chem-N treatment), 6. GM + 1/3 N (applying green manure complemented with 33% of chemical N fertilizer as Chem-N treatment), and 7. Peat + 1/3 N (applying peat complemented with 33% of chemical N fertilizer as Chem-N treatment). The methods proposed by Bremner (1965a, 1965b, 1965c) and Sui et al. (1999) were used to fractionate N and P, respectively, into different fractions. The results indicated that soil total N and organic N were not affected the proportion of hydrolysable N increased by the application of chemical N fertilizer. Application of compost and peat resulted in increased soil total N and organic N. Furthermore, both hydrolysable and nonhydrolyzable N increased. The chemical N fertilizer applied with compost had no effect on the concentrations of soil total N and organic N. Application of green manure gradually increased soil total N and hydrolysable N. The unidentified hydrolysable N and amino sugar-N were less affected by different fertilization managements. Compost increased soil amino acid-N and hydrolysable ammonium N. Different fertilization managements resulted in change of concentration and proportion of different soil P fractions. Residual fertilizer P predominantly became sodium bicarbonate extractable inorganic P (NaHCO_3-IP) and sodium hydroxide extractable inorganic P (NaOH-IP). The greater the P fertilizer applied, the more the increase in these fractions of P. The characteristics of organic fertilizer affected the transformation of residual fertilizer P in the soil. Residual P and hydrochloric acid extractable P were less affected by fertilization management. |
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