頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 禽流感在人類的重大流行史觀與公共衛生=History of Major Epidemics of Avian Influenza in Humans and Public Health Perspectives |
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作 者 | 曾子容; 施浩榆; 詹大千; 李昌駿; 萬灼華; 顧家綺; 顏慕庸; 金傳春; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷 期 | 32:5 2016.03.08[民105.03.08] |
頁 次 | 頁93-106 |
分類號 | 412.4 |
關鍵詞 | 禽流感; 全球流行; 臺灣疫情; 預防與控制策略; Avian influenza; Global epidemiology; Taiwan epidemics; Prevention and control strategies; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 禽流感近二十年對全球民眾健康與社會經濟影響甚鉅,在多種亞型的新型流感病毒中,禽流感病毒扮演間接或直接感染人的角色。禽流感病毒的抗原變異及病毒基因重組導致病毒不斷演化,產生各式各樣在地化的病毒變異株(virus strains or variants),可影響禽類健康,甚而「低」致病性的禽流感病毒也能造成人類重症與死亡,若病毒在環境中無法完全根除,將易導致往後爆發疫情的惡性循環。當新型H7N9及其他亞型的禽流感病毒仍肆虐於中國之際,毗鄰的臺灣更應嚴陣以待未來病毒若入臺灣後的衝擊;此外,原在我國禽類長年流行的舊H5N2、H6N1亞型禽流感病毒及自2015年年初侵襲臺灣造成全臺禽場大流行的H5N2、H5N3及H5N8亞型H5之2.3.4.4演化分支新禽流感病毒至今的演化及其可能跨越宿主傳播人的潛力,亦必須及時評估。有鑒於此,本文先偏重禽流感病毒的特性、流行病學特徵及禽流感病毒在人類的流行史;期望讀者能徹底明瞭病毒與流行的關係,將有助於提升未來防疫的成效。 |
英文摘要 | Avian influenza (AI) has had great impacts on global health and socioeconomics in the past two decades. Among many newly emerged influenza viruses, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have played either indirect or direct role in human infections. The continuous evolvement of AIVs through antigenic drift and genetic reassortment has led to emerging diversities of local virus strains or variants. These dynamic changes of AIVs, even low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, have not only affected poultry health but also resulted in severe and fatal human cases. Moreover, the persistence of these viruses at a population level may lead to outbreaks of AI occurring year after year in a vicious cycle, if they are not completely eradicated. In light of the emergence of novel H7N9 and other subtypes of AIVs in China in recent years, residents of Taiwan who live closely to this neighboring country must be well prepared in case these viruses are imported. Furthermore, the potential for interspecies transmission to humans from either of the two subtypes of avian H5N2 and H6N1 viruses increases the risk assessment of potential public health threats coming from continuous viral mutations. These two AIV subtypes are relevant in chickens and have been endemic in Taiwan for many years, and the newly emerged novel three subtypes (H5N2, H5N3, and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4) of AIVs that have spread island-wide since January of 2015 must be expeditiously assessed for publichealth risks. In summary, this article discusses the history, virology, and epidemiology of avian influenza in humans. We believe that fully understanding virological and epidemiological characteristics of avian influenza viruses and the history of past pandemics or major epidemics will help strengthen the effectiveness of prevention and control measures. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。