頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | “克拉克瓷”:一種特定的中國瓷還是一個名稱?="Kraak Porselein", a Specific Type of Chinese Porcelain or Just a Matter of Designation? |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 佩德羅.迪亞斯; 陳玉芳; | 書刊名 | 澳門研究 |
| 卷 期 | 2013:3=70 2013.09[民102.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁96-99+197 |
| 分類號 | 938 |
| 關鍵詞 | 克拉克瓷; 克拉克大帆船; 葡萄牙; 外銷瓷; Kraak porcelain; Carraca; Portugal; Export; Porcelain; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | “克拉克瓷”(kraak porcelain)經常會出現在拍賣會、藏品目錄甚至是大眾書籍中,用於指中國在 16 ─ 17世紀銷往歐洲的青花瓷器。“ kraak(karaak)porcelain”一詞首先出現於17世紀荷蘭人的文本記錄中,然而, “karrack”或者 “karrack”卻源自於葡萄牙在大西洋和印度洋海域航行時的一種貨船的名稱 “carraca”。通過考察這些詞彙的詞源歷史和葡萄牙帆船的演變歷史,可以看出,“克拉克瓷”是17世紀初荷蘭從葡萄牙大帆船上截獲並運往鹿特丹銷售的中國瓷的統稱,是偶然出現的瓷器名稱,而不是指一種特定的中國瓷瓷型。此外,克拉克瓷也專指明末時期的外銷瓷器,用於區分清初的外銷瓷和日本“有田”(Arita)瓷。 |
| 英文摘要 | It is common to see in auction or collections catalogues, and even in books for the general public, the use of the term “kraak porcelain” to designate the Chinese blue-and-white porcelains which were exported to Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. The term first appeared in Dutch record, but it is originated from a kind of Portuguese cargo ship carraca in the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. By studying the origins of these terms and the evolving history of Portuguese ships, it could be concluded that, kraak porcelain refers to those porcelains that were obtained through the attacks on Portuguese vessels and sold in Amsterdam. The designation of karrack porcelain is only connected to a fact occasional and not to a specific typology. Besides, it appears as if the term kraak ware is introduced to distinguish the oldest Chinese export porcelain from the late Ming Dynasty from the now modern Early Qing Dynasty wares of the Kangxi period, and also the Japanese porcelain Arita porcelain, that during the mid 17th century had been imported to make up the balance from the lost export from China. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。