頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 探討毒糖餌法於防治登革熱、瘧疾之可能應用=Probable Application of Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (ATSB) for Dengue Fever and Malaria Vector Control |
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作 者 | 夏維泰; 吳和生; 林秀品; 郭天和; 魏詠芳; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷 期 | 31:16 2015.08.25[民104.08.25] |
頁 次 | 頁407-414 |
分類號 | 412.72 |
關鍵詞 | 毒糖餌法; 登革熱; 瘧疾; 病媒防治; 蚊蟲; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 目前世界上蚊子種類超過3,000種,國內已有記載者就達132種。登革熱、瘧疾、屈公病、日本腦炎、黃熱病及裂谷熱等蟲媒傳染病,在臺灣皆已被列為法定傳染病。研究調查發現,在臺灣主要傳播登革熱的病媒蚊種為埃及斑蚊與白線斑蚊;埃及斑蚊主要分佈於嘉義縣布袋鎮以南,白線斑蚊則遍佈於全臺海拔1500公尺以下的山區及平地。瘧疾的傳播蚊種則主要為矮小瘧蚊及中華瘧蚊,目前多分布於臺灣南部及東部地區。 臺灣早期防治蟲媒傳染病的方式乃以噴藥為主,但大量地使用殺蟲藥劑卻衍生出蚊蟲產生抗藥性、生態環境破壞及民眾怨懟等不良後果。近年來,中央政府雖然已改變策略,藉由「清除孳生源(巡倒清刷)為主,噴藥為輔」的原則進行防疫;但由於地方政府未能落實政策,非但不能減少噴藥,反而導致「亂噴(技術及方法)、亂用(濃度及藥量)、亂花(浪費公帑)」的混亂現象。 學者們利用蚊蟲需要糖份來補充體力的習性,從而發展出毒糖餌法(attractive toxic sugar bait, ATSB),以帶有甜味的毒餌誘引吸食進而消滅蚊蟲,達到防止蚊媒傳染病發生的目的。在非洲以及美國的佛羅里達州皆已有研究證實,使用毒糖餌法後,蚊子族群及疾病的傳播率皆有顯著的減少。然而毒糖餌法實際應用時,仍有些相關的疑慮,如:毒糖餌液噴灑於植物上時,容易因下雨沖刷或露水稀釋而失去其防治效果;或是毒糖餌法會因糖水發酵以及添加的藥劑隨時間而失效等因素而降低防治效果;因此如何排除那些困擾,使其滅蚊成效得以充分發揮,以防治登革熱與瘧疾並保障臺灣人民身體健康,將會是未來國內應用毒糖餌法的首要課題。 |
英文摘要 | There are over 3,000 kinds of mosquitoes in the world and 132 kinds of them have been found and recorded in Taiwan at present. Lots of vector borne diseases transmitted through mosquito bites, such as dengue fever, malaria, Chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Rift Valley fever, etc. are currently classified as notifiable diseases in Taiwan. Dengue fever is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus; whereas Aedes aegypti are found in southern part of Taiwan and Aedes albopictus has widely existed in mountains and plains below 1,500 meters above sea level around this country. Malaria is mainly transmitted by Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sinensis, which are found in southern and eastern parts of Taiwan. In the early days, the pesticide was mainly used to control dengue fever, but there are a lot of derivative results such as drug resistance of vectors, environment pollution and complaint from residents. Even though the government has changed the ways for vector control recently and proposes the new policy, which is to keep the residential environment clean firstly and use pesticides secondarily instead of application of pesticides only, the effect of vector control was less efficient than we expected because of misuse of pesticides by the sprayers sometimes. Researchers have successfully developed a new form of vector control — attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB), based on sugar-seeking of mosquitoes and a mixture of oral toxin. The ATSB has been proved useful to reduce mosquito populations in Africa and Florida, USA. Although ATSB is an effective method to be used for mosquito control, it takes time to overcome several limitations before the government officially applies the ATSB technique to control dengue fever. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。