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題名 | 乳化植物油防治胡瓜露菌病之效果=Control Experiments of Cucumber Downy Mildew with Emulsified Plant Oils |
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作者 | 邱柏皓; 黃振文; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷期 | 23:3/4 2014.09[民103.09] |
頁次 | 頁277-283 |
分類號 | 435.263 |
關鍵詞 | 胡瓜露菌病; 油酸鉀; 乳化植物油; Pseudoperonspora cubensis; Cucumber downy mildew; Potassium oleate; Emusifed plant oils; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | Pseudoperonospora cubensis(Berkeley & M.A. Curtis)Rostovzev引起之胡瓜露菌病(downy mildew)是葫蘆科蔬菜的重要病害之一,雖然化學藥劑可以有效防治胡瓜露菌病,但抗藥菌系的出現與化學農藥對於環境與人類的負面效應,致使替代防治方法的發展,成為當前努力的工作重點。本文主要目的在於利用油酸鉀乳化植物油後,分析它們防治胡瓜露菌病的效果。首先以250 ppm的市售油酸鉀(potassium oleate, PO-A)與自製油酸鉀(PO-B)處理露菌的孢囊懸浮液後,發現PO-B可完全抑制孢囊的萌發,惟PO-A的濃度需達500 ppm才可有同等的抑制效果。在溫室中,以PO-A及PO-B分別噴佈於胡瓜植株,結果發現接種露菌前施用PO-A和PO-B可分別減少11%和20%胡瓜露菌病的罹病度。隨後利用油酸鉀將葵花油(SFO)、花生油(PNO)、大豆油(SBO)及苦茶油(CAO)分別乳化後,以胡瓜離葉接種露菌平台評估它們的防病功效,結果發現以油酸鉀乳化葵花油、花生油及大豆油之製劑,其250倍稀釋液均可減少60%露菌病的發生率。進一步在溫室中測試,發現以油酸鉀乳化葵花油及花生油之製劑的250倍稀釋液,在接種病原菌前24小時施用於胡瓜植株上,可降低露菌病罹病度達20%左右。綜合上述研究成果,証明乳化植物油(SFO與PNO)製劑可有效防治胡瓜露菌病的發生。 |
英文摘要 | Cucurbit downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis [(Berkeley & M. A. Curtis) Rostovzev] is one of the most important foliar diseases of cucurbits. Although fungicides can provide rapid and effective control for cucurbit downy mildew, their toxicity and residual effects along with environmental safety are of public concern. Therefore, the development of alternative control strategies of cucurbit downy mildew becomes the goal of our study. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of emulsified plant oils on controlling cucumber downy mildew. Potassium oleate home-made product (POB) at 250 ppm and potassium oleate commercial product (PO-A) at 500 ppm were completely effective in inhibiting 100% of sporangia germination. In addition, the emulsified sunflower oil (SFO), peanut oil (PO), soybean oil (SBO) and camellia oil (CO) with potassium oleates were used to evaluate their efficacy on controlling downy mildew on cucumber detached leaves. Except for emulsified camellia oil (COE), emulsified sunflower oil (SFOE), emulsified peanut oil (PNOE) and emulsified soybean oil (SBOE) were able to reduce 60% disease incidences of cucumber downy mildew on detached leaves at 250-fold dilution. In greenhouse experiments, spraying SFOE-A (sunflower oil emulsified with PO-A), SFOE-B (sunflower oil emulsified with PO-B) and PNOE-B (peanut oil emulsified with PO-B) on cucumber plants at 250-fold dilution 24 hr before inoculation could reduce 20% disease severity of downy mildew compared to the control. Furthermore, spraying treatment with PO-A and PO-B at 250 ppm on cucumber plants could also reduce 11% and 20% disease severity of downy mildew. This study suggested that emulsified plant oils (SFOE, PNOE and SBOE) could be recommended to farmers as non-pesticide materials for controlling cucumber downy mildew. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。