頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 蛇毒蛋白應用研究及抗蛇毒血清製造技術=Application of Snake-Venom and Technology of Antivenom Manufactory |
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作 者 | 劉健信; 李佳蓉; 李蓉; 許靜侖; 陳昭宏; 張筱琦; 謝文欽; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷 期 | 31:4 2015.02.24[民104.02.24] |
頁 次 | 頁76-85 |
分類號 | 414.81 |
關鍵詞 | 毒蛇; 蛇毒; 抗蛇毒血清; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣常見的六大毒蛇依照生態分布可分為地棲的百步蛇(Deinagkistrodon acutus)、龜殼花(Protobothrops mucrosquamatus)、鎖鏈蛇(Daboia russelli siamesis)、雨傘節(Bungarus multinctus)及眼鏡蛇(Naja atra)等及半樹棲型赤尾青竹絲(Viridovipera stejnegeri)。而蛇毒是毒蛇從 毒腺 中分泌出來的一種液體,主要成分除了蛇毒蛋白,另外還有輔助酶等。蛇毒成分十分複雜,不同蛇毒的毒性、藥理及臨床症狀各有特點,單就藥理學作用來分類則可分成神經性蛇毒、出血性和混合性蛇毒。蛇毒蛋白的研究基礎就是利用其藥理上特性,進而分離純化特殊蛇毒蛋白,結合分子生物學及結構化學等方式,加以應用在現在製藥、檢驗和抗蛇毒血清的製造。現今已上市藥物如利用蛇毒蛋白,具有抗凝血功能的胜肽化合物,被用來治療心絞痛,另外像消炎、糖尿病、高血壓、慢性疼痛及腦中風藥物中都可看到應用蛇毒蛋白的蹤跡。在臨床檢驗方面,疾病管制署自製抗雨傘節及眼鏡蛇毒馬血漿中,已成功分別純化出抗雨傘節毒及眼鏡蛇毒的專一性抗體,並嘗試用免疫沉澱加上質譜分析的方法,鑑定此專一性抗體所能辨認之蛋白質身分。未來若成功發展此偵測平臺技術,將可加速臨床蛇咬病人的蛇毒鑑別診斷,進而提高病人治癒成功率。面對毒蛇咬傷中毒的個案,及時注射正確的抗蛇毒血清製劑仍是目前最有效的治療方式。馬匹仍是國際公認最常用、能大量取得、且操作安全的抗蛇毒血清製造用動物。將蛇毒抗原免疫至馬匹體表,使馬匹體內的免疫系統產生能中和蛇毒蛋白的抗體,接著採集馬匹血液分離血漿,再以胃蛋白酶(pepsin)消化及鹽析純化處理,分裝和真空凍結乾燥,成為治療用抗蛇毒血清。根據資料顯示疾病管制署產製的抗蛇血清凍晶注射劑,可有效治療本土性毒蛇咬傷病患外,亦無明顯副作用。 |
英文摘要 | The snake venom containing toxic proteins as well as co-enzymes is milked from the venom gland of snake. The composition of venom is very complex for which each individual venom component has particular characteristics of toxicity, pharmacology and can cause different clinical symptoms. Based on pharmacological effects, venoms can be classified into neurological type venom, hemorrhagic type venom and mixed type venom. The knowledge, learned from investigations of venom proteins on pharmacological properties, molecular biology and chemical structure, is applied in the medicinal manufacturing and clinical testing. Recently, peptide compounds with anticoagulation function from snake venoms have been certified as drugs to treat angina, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, chronic pain and stroke. In order to identify patients bitten by Bungarus multicintus and Naja atra, specific antibodies were prepared and purified by mass spectrometry and immuno-precipitation method from our homemade horse anti-plasma, and have successfully identified the toxic protein in the tissue fluid of the patient. Development of this detection technology platform is going to be applied to the clinical differential diagnosis and improve the cure rate for patients. In cases of snakebite poisoning, implementing correct antivenom in time is still the most effective treatment. The horses are commonly used as manufacturing animals in large amounts to prepare antivenoms. Injection of the crude venom to horse stimulates the immune system to generate neutralizing antibodies against toxins, followed by separation of the antiserum, collected from horses, adding gastric proteases (pepsin) to harvest F (ab')2 fragments after purification, finalized by the vacuum freeze-drying step. Data show that the lyophilized antivenom produced by this process not only is effective in treating patients bitten by domestic snakes, but also is quite low in the occurrence rate of side effects. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。