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題名 | 臺灣東部地區降雨量與降雨沖蝕指數時間與空間之變化=Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall and Rainfall Erosivity in Eastern Taiwan |
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作者姓名(中文) | 林煥軒; 劉維則; 李明熹; | 書刊名 | 中華防災學刊 |
卷期 | 7:2 2015.08[民104.08] |
頁次 | 頁249-258 |
分類號 | 434.273 |
關鍵詞 | 降雨沖蝕指數; 時間變化; 空間變化; Rainfall erosivity; Temporal variation; Spatial variation; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年來台灣極端降雨事件發生頻繁,有累積雨量變高、降雨延時更長及區域性降雨強度增強等情況發生,對於土壤沖蝕的影響甚鉅。降雨沖蝕指數(Rainfall Erosivity, R)直接反映在降雨對土壤沖蝕的影響程度。台灣東部地區受到東北季風與颱風的直接影響,其降雨特性會異於西部地區,且近年來東部地區降雨沖蝕指數相關研究較少。因此本文蒐集東部地區內51個中央氣象局雨量站11年10分鐘雨量資料,分析研究區域內年降雨量與年降雨沖蝕指數時間與空間的變化。研究結果顯示年降雨量與年平均降雨沖蝕指數,皆有逐年上升的趨勢。另外,在年降雨量與年平均降雨沖蝕指數空間變化,大致上都由平原向山區逐漸增加,且年平均降雨沖蝕指數受緯度影響,由南向北增加的趨勢。本文研究結果可提供沉砂設施規劃之參考依據,提高工程設計效益。 |
英文摘要 | In recently years, frequency of high intensity rainfall, long rainfall duration and heavy rainfall are found to increase in Taiwan. Rainfall erosivity index R is a key input parameter to the USLE. R describes the soil loss potential caused by precipitation, which can be understood to change in correspondence to changes in extreme rainfall events. The purpose of the present study is estimating the rainfall erosivity based on annual precipitation data. Temporal and spatial of rainfall and rainfall erosivity variations are investigated using 19,106 effective rainfall events by 51 rainfall stations of the Central Weather Bureau in eastern Taiwan. The result shows that temporal variations of rainfall and rainfall erosivity show that the average annual rainfall erosivity increase year by year. The spatial analysis shows average annual rainfall and rainfall erosivity increase from plain to mountain region, and from southern to northern region. Average annual rainfall erosivity is highly related with the latitude. In addition, rainfall erosivity index is affected by the typhoon and the northeast monsoon in eastern Taiwan. |
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