頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 桀之亡而不及未喜之考辨=A Textual Research on the Relationship between Jie's Death and Moxi |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蔡信發; | 書刊名 | 先秦兩漢學術 |
| 卷 期 | 14 2010.09[民99.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁77-88 |
| 分類號 | 621.3 |
| 關鍵詞 | 夏桀; 未喜; 妹喜; 尚書; 史記; Jie of Xia Dynasty; Moxi; Meixi; Shangshu; Book of History; Shiji; Records of The Grand Historian; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 《史記.夏本紀》記桀之亡,不及末喜。清.梁玉繩質疑:「無道多矣,而實以末喜亡。〈紀〉中不及,疏矣。」末喜一名,異文甚多,筆者據以甲文辨析,明其端委,當以未喜、妹喜為是。次檢〈周本紀〉記紂之亡,有及妲己;幽王之滅,兼涉褒姒,然則夏桀之亡,果涉末喜,史公斷無不錄之理;復檢先秦文獻,《尚書.湯誓》但言桀之罪,而無縱情女色之事,而〈牧誓〉,記武王伐紂,有「今商王受、惟婦言是用」之言,而此婦人,對照〈周本紀〉,應指「妲己」,故史公「〈紀〉中不及末喜」,並非疏漏,而屬慎妥。〈外戚世家序〉,史公以末喜與妲己、褒姒並舉,則受《荀子.解蔽》行文對舉之影響,而無涉記事之疏。終以《呂覽.慎大》之言末喜,語多渲染,《列女傳》尤說多誇張,無異小說,自難采信,而世之言末喜,成見遂深,故藉史學之訓詁,予以辨證,有利名姓之確認、史實之澄清。 |
| 英文摘要 | In Annals of the Xia Dynasty of Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), there was record about Jie's death but not mention of Moxi. Liang Yusheng of Qing Dynasty queried this account: ”Jie had been a tyrant for long, but actually he died of Moxi. It was the carelessness of Sima Qian to neglect Moxi in the Annals.” There're many other versions of the name ”Moxi”. The author did a research on the oracle bone scripts and identified the origin of this name, whose correct written form was Moxi. Then the author consulted the Annals of the Zhou Dynasty and found that it related Zhou's death with Daji and King You's death with Baosi. If the death of Jie of Xia Dynasty was related to Moxi, there was no reason for historian Sima Qian to neglect it. Moreover, the author consulted documents of pre-Qin Dynasty, in the Speech of Tang of Shangshu (Book of History), there was record about Jie's brutal rule but his indulgence in sultriness; in the Speech at Muye, there was record about the battle between King Wu and King Zhou, which was described as ”Now the king of Shang was a coward who just believed in a woman. The woman it mentioned, according to Annals of the Zhou Dynasty, was Daji. Consequently, Sima Qian's no mention of Moxi in the Annals was not his negligence but his caution. In the Prologue of Houses of the External Relatives, Sima Qian arranged Moxi, Daji and baosi in parallel, which was influenced by the comparison style of the Chapter of Dispelling Obsession of Xunzi, but negligence in record. In the Chapter of Shenda of Lüshi Chunqiu (Mister Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals), there was wildly exaggeration of Moxi; in Lienü Zhuan(Biographies of Exemplary Women), the degree of exaggeration was rather extreme as a novel, which could not be taken into account. Mentioning Moxi, common people mostly have a strong prejudice toward her. Therefore, the author makes a textual research by means of Xungu (exegesis), a tool in historical research, which can contribute to the identification of names and classification of historical fact. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。