頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 價值與秩序的抉擇:荀子「禮」論於其法體系之功能與限制論析=The Decision between Value and Order-Functions and Limitations of Tsun Tze's Concept of Li (禮) in His Legal Theory |
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作 者 | 陳弘學; | 書刊名 | 淡江中文學報 |
卷 期 | 29 2013.12[民102.12] |
頁 次 | 頁1-28 |
分類號 | 121.27 |
關鍵詞 | 儒學; 荀子; 禮法; 中國法學; 儒家法思想; Confucianism; Tsun Tze; Ritual and law; Chinese law; Confucian thought of law; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 荀子為戰國儒家殿軍人物,也是先秦儒家法思想最有系統之闡述者,相關禮法論述影響後來中華法系發展甚鉅。遺憾的是清中葉以前荀子並未受到足夠重視,其法思想的研究連帶也遭忽略。荀子理解之禮乃一具備實體價值之客觀規範,也是國家權力行使的正當性來源,與今日理解的「法」概念具有高度可對比性。本文首先辨明禮法關係,進而指出禮作為法體系之上位規範,於荀子法體系中發揮四點主要功能:一、禮為客觀制度建構之基礎,具有實體價值,能生一切成文規範。二、禮為法律類推適用之原理,通過禮所蘊含之理,得以彌補法律漏洞與不足。三、禮為權利義務劃分之準據,社會價值認同之最大公約數,以禮分配社群不同份子之權利義務,通過「差別對待」達成積極的公平。四、禮為社會分配正義之根本,國家以禮分配財富,俾使社會資源得到最大發揮。最後,本文也論述了荀子禮法思想的潛在危機。荀子否定外在之「道德天」與「人格天」,內在又持「性惡」之說,如此一來禮之正當性基礎乃無法安立,成為荀子法體系中的一大理論困難。 |
英文摘要 | Tsun Tze was a rear guard figure in Confucianism and the best thinker who discounted Pre-Qin Confucian thoughts of law systematically in Warring Period. His relative discourses on Ritual and Law have greatly influenced development of Chinese System of Law afterwards. However, what we regret is that Tsun Tze did not receive enough honors before middle Qing Dynasty, and his study on Thought of Law was neglected associatively. The Ritual that Tsun Tze perceived is actually Today's Law. In other words, it is the objective norms possessing a kind of objective norms with substantive value and the legitimate source that nation exerts power. In this paper, the author began with discerning relation between Ritual and Law, and then further indicated Ritual's serving as a kind of superior norms that develop four main functions in Tsun Tze's System of Law as follows. 1. Ritual is the foundation of constructing the objective systems, and it has substantive value itself to produce all written norms. 2. Ritual is the principle appropriate to be used to deduct laws. By the truth contained in Ritual, Law's weakness and insufficiency is therefore made up. 3. Ritual is the standard to divide rights and duties, and it is the greatest common divisor identified by social value. Consequently, we should distribute the rights and obligations to people in different social groups by Ritual to achieve positive equality through ”differential treatment”. 4. Ritual is the root foundation for the society to distribute justice, so that social resources can be brought to a full play. Finally, this paper also illustrated the difficulties appearing in Tsun Tze's theories of Ritual and Law. Since he denied ”Heaven of Morality” and ”Heaven of Personality” externally, while holding ”Theory of Evil Nature in Mankind” internally, the legitimacy of Ritual cannot be consolidated then, leading to an enormous theoretical dilemma in Tsun Tze's System of Law. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。