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題 名 | Productivity and Cost of a Small-scale Timber Forwarding System Using Farm Tractors in the Hyrcanian Forest, Northern Iran=應用農用曳引機於伊朗北部Hyrcanian森林小規模木材運送之生產力與成本分析 |
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作 者 | Jourgholami, Meghdad; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷 期 | 29:2 2014.06[民103.06] |
頁 次 | 頁103-116 |
分類號 | 434.251 |
關鍵詞 | 小規模木材伐採; 農用曳引機; 紙漿材; 薪炭材; 工時研究; Small-scale timber extraction; Farm tractor; Pulpwood; Fuelwood; Time study; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 曳引機是普遍使用在小規模林業的設備,在伊朗北部Hyrcanian森林常使用兩輪曳引機來載運小規模收穫的紙漿材及薪炭材。為評估農用曳引機使用於紙漿材及薪炭材的生產力及成本,應用連續測時法來發展時間迴歸模型及估算集運成本。研究指出,每迴次的集運距離與原木數量兩項因子是影響生產力最重要的因子。農用曳引機平均每小時可集運的紙漿材與薪炭材分別為2.66及3.83立方公尺,隨著集運距離增加,每迴次作業時間亦增加,生產力隨伐採距離增加而呈對數遞減,每小時機器生產成本(PMH)為50.85美元,換算每立方尺紙漿材與薪炭材成本分別為13.3及19.1美元,集運成本隨伐採距離之簡單乘函數而增加,因為裝載及原木處理需要人工密集操作,故每趟裝載則需要花最多的時間。總之,農用曳引機具裝載量大及可將原木牽引離開地面的優點,可為將紙漿材及薪炭材運出平緩Hycanian森林的建議作業模式。 |
英文摘要 | Tractor-based systems are the most common type of small-scale forestry equipment. In the Hyrcanian Forest of northern Iran, farm tractors equipped with a 2-wheel trailer are mostly used to perform forwarding operations of pulpwood and fuelwood for with small-scale timber harvesting. A continuous time study was conducted on pulpwood and fuelwood forwarding using farm tractors in the Hyrcanian Forest, to assess farm tractor productivity and costs and develop time regression models and estimate forwarding costs. The analysis indicated that two of the most important factor affecting forwarding productivity are the skidding distance and number of logs per turn. The average hourly productivity values of forwarding with farm tractors were estimated to be 2.66 and 3.83m^3 for pulpwood and fuelwood, respectively. When the skidding distance increased, the total time of a cycle increased. The productivity of farm tractors logarithmically decreased with extraction distance. The cost of the farm tractor forwarding system was US$50.85 per productive machine hour. Hourly costs of using farm tractors for pulpwood and fuelwood forwarding were US$13.3 and 19.1m^(-3). The cost of farm tractor forwarding increased by a simple power equation as the extraction distance increased. The loading phase required the largest time per trip, because of manual loading and physical handling of logs that was a labor-intensive operation. In conclusion, a forwarding operation has advantages such as larger payloads, and transporting logs off the ground that are good alternatives in order to extract pulpwood and fuelwood from gentle slopes of the Hycanian Forest. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。