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題 名 | 朝向積極勞動市場政策(1996~2011):臺灣政黨的差異與趨同=Toward Active Labor Market Policies (1996~2011): The Divergence and Convergence of Partisan Preferences in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 陳盈方; 呂建德; 葉秀珍; | 書刊名 | 臺灣社會學 |
卷 期 | 26 2013.12[民102.12] |
頁 次 | 頁37-96 |
分類號 | 542.71 |
關鍵詞 | 失業給付; 消極勞動市場政策; 積極勞動市場政策; 政黨效應; 勞動市場改革; Unemployment insurance; Passive and active labor market policy; Partisan preferences; Labor market reforms; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文試圖從意識形態和選舉競爭的動態觀點,探討台灣在1996 年 之後的消極/積極勞動市場政策改革路徑。本文發現國民黨在第一階 段執政時期,失業給付支出主現限縮的現象,僅針對最弱勢者提供有限的支持;積極勞動市場政策(ALMP) 亦僅針對關廠歇業之失業者,並消極地補貼雇主和勞工。但國民黨在第三階段執政時期,受到核心支持者(大財團)式微,以及政黨競爭等影響,必須調整其既有的策略,以獲得最多數的跨階級聯盟。因此,該階段的改革逐漸向左發展,但這些改革仍建構在最弱勢者的介入,並回應了國民黨早期的生產主義式思維。其次,民進黨在第二階段執政時期的改革,為拉攏勞工階級和中小企業以創造政治多數聯盟,必須逐漸向右靠攏;如在給付條件上加重失業者的義務,並減緩中小企業主的福利負擔, ALMP也趨近於國民黨的方針,但更為重視就業服務與技能提升。最後,兩黨的改革路徑雖有趨同的現象,但似乎僅存在工具性的聚合,尚未達到理念或意識形態的根本變革。 |
英文摘要 | Unlike the westem literature, which contends that a ruling party's policies are "statically" shaped by its ideology, this artic1e argues that policy differences between political parties are "dynamic." Ideology and political competition compe1the ruling party to modify its policy strategies and attract different c1asses' votes. This artic1e examines Taiwan's partisan influences on social policies, with respect to passive and active labor-marke:t policies since 1996. The findings of our study indicate that the policy preferences of the KMT and the DPP are converging, though incrementally. The KMT's labor policy reforms were characterized by productivism in the first phase. The reforms of unemployment benefits and ALMP were limited tothe most disadvantaged groups. As the KMT came back to power in 2008, however, it modified its productivist strategy and moved to the left in response to fierce electoral competition in order to attract more votes from different c1asses. Thus, in the third phase, the KMT expanded unemployment benefits and the expenditure of ALMP. But these changes still concentrated on targeting groups,as didthe KMT's productivist ideology. Conversely, the DPP govemment (2000-2008) was characterized by a social democratic ideology. In addition, the DPP endeavored toforge a majority political coalition by inc1uding their core constimencies, such as the working c1ass and SMEs. Thus, they expanded unemployment benefits to cover more ofthe working c1ass, butmeanwhile reinforced the unemployed's obligations to reduce welfare dependency. Furthermore, most of the DPP's ALMP programs concentrated on work incentive strategies and employers subsidies, just like the KMT. The DPP, however, tried to enhance employment assistance and human capital development gradually in order to follow its social democratic ideology. Nevertheless, the scope of these strategies was very limited. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。