查詢結果分析
來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 地理資訊系統在傳染流行病學上的應用 |
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作 者 | 詹大千; 金傳春; | 書刊名 | 國土資訊系統通訊 |
卷 期 | 88 2013.12[民102.12] |
頁 次 | 頁21-31 |
專 輯 | Big Data 與 GIS |
分類號 | 412.41 |
關鍵詞 | 地理資訊系統; 傳染流行病學; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著交通發展與貿易旅遊發展,加上環境變遷與日俱增,傳染病對人類的威脅也 逐漸升溫。2009 年新型流感 H1N1 在數周內即席捲全球,因此傳染病防治已不再是單 一國家的問題,全球任一地的疫情也隨時可能在下一刻影響到臺灣,因此完善的疾病 監測體系為最重要的防疫武器,而地理資訊系統即扮演關鍵的角色,經由疾病病例的 時空分佈視覺化,即能快速輔助防疫策略的規劃、施行與評估,達成決策支援的目 標,另整合空間統計方法的運用,可系統化與科學化地從大量歷史資料中偵測出異常 事件,以利公共衛生人員進行研判與調查。 由於網路、行動裝置、社群媒體的大量普及使用而建立起新興社群網絡,開啟由 下而上的庶民監測體系,跳脫傳統式官方自上而下的權威式公共衛生治理,不僅強化 民眾參與,更能由社區角度提早至病患就醫前即能掌握疫情走向,提升社區偵測宏 效,再輔以空間資訊將風險區提早做適當的介入,因此地理資訊系統除了傳統回溯性 的疾病聚集研究外,也能前瞻性防杜下一波流行的功效。 |
英文摘要 | With the rapid development of traffic, international trades, traveling and the rising impact of environmental changes, infectious diseases have increasingly become as global threats to human beings. As the 2009 pandemic H1N1 flu swept quickly worldwide within a few weeks. Therefore, the prevention of infectious diseases is no longer a problem only restricted in one country. In other word, the epidemics in anywhere of the world might affect Taiwan subsequently. Therefore, the comprehensive disease surveillance system will be the most important tool for better preventing infectious diseases. And geographical information system (GIS) has played a critical role in the surveillance system. The timely spatio-temporal visualization of the infected cases can assist decision-makers to reach public health goal for better planning, implementation and evaluation of prevention/control strategies. In addition, through integrating spatial statistics into the surveillance, public health professionals can early detect the aberration events from large historical data systematically and scientifically for further investigation, monitoring, and verification. With the widely increasing use of internet, mobile devices and social medias, establishing a bottom-up citizen-based surveillance system becomes feasible. This novel approach of public accessible surveillance not only allows citizens’ participation but also provides community surveillance even prior to patients’ seeking hospitals. Therefore, such a bottom-up surveillance system is quite different from the traditional top-down authority-controlled surveillance system for public health governance. The spatial information compiling with surveillance results will be very helpful to target the risk areas for appropriate intervention. In conclusion, GIS assists traditionally retrospective studies on spatial clustering of a disease and empowers with capability to prospectively prevent the next waves of epidemics as well. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。