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題 名 | 外國人私有財產之公用徵收=Expropriation of Foreign Property in International Law |
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作 者 | 李孟玢; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際法季刊 |
卷 期 | 1:3 2004.07[民93.07] |
頁 次 | 頁161-220 |
分類號 | 579.22 |
關鍵詞 | 直接徵收; 間接徵收; 國有化; 國際最低標準; 公共目的原則; 非歧視原則; 補償原則; 卡爾弗理論; 自然資源永久主權; 伊朗與美國索償法庭; 國際投資爭端解決中心; 雙邊投資保障協定; 北美自由貿易協定; Direct expropriation; Indirect expropriation; Nationalization; International minimum standards; Principle of public purpose; Principle of non-discrimination; Principle of compensation; Calvo Doctrine; Permanent sovereignty over natural resources; Iran-United States claims tribunal; International centre for settlement of investment disputes; Bilateral investment treaties; North American free trade agreement; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在際法的領域裡,甚少有相關議題如外國人私有財產的公用徵收般,於過去一兩百年間,會產生如此不曾間歇的爭議。按依傳統國際法的規定,主權國家對於外國人在其領內擁有之財產,有權加以徵收。然在採取此等措施時,國家卻需受制於際法的規定,即徵收外國人之私有財產時,必須是基於公共利益的考量,且不應造成財產被徵收之外國人遭受歧視,更應提供妥當、有效與迅速補償。國際法傳統的徵收規範曾受肯認具有習慣法的地位,並可拘束全球各國。然此組規範自十九世紀起,即不斷遭受來資本輸入國家的挑戰,本文在此擬分吸探討徵收的概念、傳統徵收規範之內容與適用、對於傳統規範之挑戰以及現代國際法有關外國私有財產公用爭受的發展。 |
英文摘要 | Very few subjects in international law have given rise to as much debate and controversy as the law governing the expropriation of the property of aliens. According to traditional international law, an expropriation to be valid should be for a public purpose, non-discriminatory, and accompanied by adequate, effective and prompt compensation. Strong dissent to some off these principles has nevertheless been expressed by the economically underdeveloped States. As far back as the mid-19th century, the Calvo Doctrine, which was based on the principle of equality between nationals and aliens and the principle of non-intervention, prompted political and academic campaigns by the Latin American States against the traditional rules of international law governing state responsibility for injuries caused to aliens. Shortly after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet communist regime launched on overall economic reform programmed, which aimed mainly at transferring the means of production from private to public control so as to avoid what was perceived as capitalist exploitation and was not implemented in conformity with traditional international law. Repudiation of the traditional rules was further seen in 1970s, when Resolution 3281 was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. This Article is intended to analyze the concept of expropriation, the content and application of those traditional rules, repudiation of those traditional rules and modern development of international law in respect of expropriation of foreign property. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。