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| 題 名 | Vowel Acquisition by Children of Sixian Hakka=四縣客家話兒童元音習得研究 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 鄭明中; | 書刊名 | 臺北教育大學語文集刊 |
| 卷 期 | 24 2013.09[民102.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁127-193 |
| 分類號 | 802.5238 |
| 關鍵詞 | 元音; 習得; 客家話; 聲學; 共振峰; Vowel; Acquisition; Hakka; Acoustics; Formant; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 自1980年代以來,兒童元音習得的議題已廣為研究所關注,然而這個議題在漢語方言中,除了國語(普通話)、粵語及上海吳語之外,卻鮮少被論及。有鑑於此,本文欲對說四縣客家話的兒童的元音習得進行探究。本研究透過回答問題、圖片或物件命名,及複述單字或元音等方式,總共收集了42名一至五歲小孩的語音樣本,緊接著進行元音習得順序與元音發音策略分析。本研究的主要發現如下。第一、音節聲調類型的不同導致元音習得順序的差異(舒聲音節:[a] > [i,u] > [e] > [o] > [□],入聲音節:[a,i] > [u] > [e,o] > [□])。第二、兒童所採用的元音發音策略包括介音插入、雙元音化及元音替代。另外,分散理論架構下的三個功能性原則彼此競爭的觀點,亦可用來解釋兒童發舌尖元音時產生不同變體的原因。最後,本研究利用聲學元音圖對兒童發出的舌尖元音[□]的發展軌跡進行檢視,並從多個面向的影響因素為舌尖元音的習得困難提供解釋。 |
| 英文摘要 | A great amount of research has been carried out on child vowel acquisition since 1980s, but relatively little attention is directed to this issue in Chinese dialects, except Mandarin, Cantonese and Shanghai Wu. For the reason, the study targeted to investigate vowel acquisition by children of a little-explored Chinese dialect, Sixian Hakka, and to describe the acquisition sequence and production strategies of its six vowels [i, e, a, o, u, □]. Forty-two children at the age from 1 to 5 were recruited for sound samplings. They were asked to answer questions, name pictures or objects, or even repeat words or vowels. After that, vowel acquisition sequence and production strategies were analyzed. The results of the study were listed as follows. First, vowel acquisition sequences in Sixian Hakka differed in tone types, with [a] > [i, u] > [e] > [o] > [□] for non-checked-tone syllables and [a, i] > [u] > [e, o] > [□] for checked-tone syllables. Second, vowel production strategies used by children of Sixian Hakka included glide insertion, diphthongization and vowel substitution. Special attention was directed to children's [□] production. The occurrence of different [□] variants could be explained by the competition among the three functional principles in Dispersion Theory. At last, the developing route of [□] was examined with the help of acoustic formant charts, and influencing factors from a multitude of aspects were offered to explain the acquisition difficulty of [□]. Above all, this study complements the paucity of vowel acquisition research in Hakka by acoustic exploration. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。