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題 名 | NGO與跨國憲政主義的發展:以臺灣加入國際人權公約的實踐為例=NGO and the Development of Transnational Constitutionalism: The Experience in the Internalization of International Human Rights Law in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 張文貞; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際法季刊 |
卷 期 | 9:3 2012.09[民101.09] |
頁 次 | 頁47-72 |
分類號 | 579.27 |
關鍵詞 | 跨國憲政主義; 國際法的憲法化; 憲法的國際法化; 兒童權利公約; 消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約; 防制煙草框架公約; Transnational constitutionalism; Constitutionalization of International Law; Internationalization of Constitutional Law; CRC; CEDAW; FCTC; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著跨國憲政主義的發展,許多國際規範逐漸於主權國家之內國法秩序中下滲,內國憲法規範也相應地漸次向外擴張。此一趨勢,某程度亦反映於台灣近年在憲法及國際人權法上的發展,其中又以台灣對於國際人權公約的內國法化最為重要。對於此一跨國規範秩序的形成,除了政府之外, 也有愈來愈多非政府組織(nongovernmental organizations, NGO)提供極大的助力。本文以台灣在〈消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約〉、〈兒童權利公約〉及〈國際菸草控制框架公約〉的內國規範化過程為例,觀察內國NGO在此一過程中所扮演的角色。本文發現,內國NGO具有對外及對內的雙重功能。對外,內國NGO可以積極要求政府加入國際人權公約;對內,內國NGO則可以透過各種如修法、立法或制定施行法等內國規範化過程來強化國際規範的內國落實。更重要的是,本文進一步觀察到,由於全球化及資訊科技的發達,內國NGO有時反而比政府更具有跨國連結的優勢,毋須被動等待政府協助,就能透過其在國際與內國雙重規範化面向的努力,來積極落實跨國憲政主義。 |
英文摘要 | With the development of transnational constitutionalism, constitutionalization of international law and internationalization of constitutional law become evident as a global trend. This trend is reflected in the recent internationalization of international human rights laws in Taiwan. Aside from governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGO) have played crucial roles in this process. This Article observes the roles that domestic NGOs have played in the ratification or internationalization of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC), and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It finds that domestic NGOs have played double roles. Externally, these domestic NGOs actively demand the government to accede to international human rights regimes. Internally, they have led the process of internalization by promoting new legislation or implementation statutes. More importantly, this Article finds that globalization and technology advancement have provided NGOs with greater advantage in transnational networking and information, even way ahead the government. If leveraging properly, these domestic NGOs will become crucial players in the development of transnational constitutionalism encompassing both international and domestic laws. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。