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題 名 | 臺灣地區水稻稻熱病菌生理型之研究(2011)=Studies on Physiological Races of Magnaporthe oryzae, Causal Agent of Rice Blast, in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 陳繹年; 陳純葳; 林宗俊; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷 期 | 62:1 2013.03[民102.03] |
頁 次 | 頁40-56 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 稻熱病; 生理小種; 生理群; 判別品種; Rice; Rice blast disease; Physiological race; Physiological group; Differential variety; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究於2011年自苗栗、台中、彰化、南投、雲林、嘉義、台南、高雄及屏東等9縣市共22鄉鎮市,採集分離得到稻熱病菌 (Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch) 單孢菌株共114株。利用噴霧接種法檢測114株菌株對台灣稻熱病菌生理小種16種水稻判別品種之致病性,接種7d後依據各水稻品種表現之感受性反應比對國內已發表之七個生理群、共78個生理小種,結果發現有89菌株分屬於六個生理群(I、J、T、K、N 與A),僅其中12菌株可比對出前人已發表之3個生理小種(包括race 1、race 2與race 17);其餘25菌株均屬新的生理群,占受測菌株的21.9%;唯本研究的測試結果未發現有屬於P生理群的菌株存在。在已檢出的六個生理群菌株中,以K生理群的35菌株為最多,占30.7%,其次為I生理群的29菌株(25.4%),至於J生理群僅檢出1菌株。分析在不同栽培地區採集之稻熱病菌菌株生理型的分布情形,結果以苗栗地區檢出的六個生理群為最多,其次為彰化南投及雲林的五個生理群,台中、台南及屏東地區的四個生理群次之,顯示各水稻栽培地區之稻熱病菌菌株生理型呈現多樣性。此外,分析2011年一、二期稻作稻熱病菌菌株生理群間的變化,發現台中、彰化南投及雲林地區主要的生理群並無太大改變,唯苗栗地區兩期作之稻熱病菌菌株間屬於完全不同的生理群。在水稻判別品種中,本土育成之稻品種光復1號僅對2株檢測菌株(HL2g2與ct1e3)呈現感病反應,而對其餘112株檢測菌株則呈現明顯之抗病性,或可作為稻熱病抗病育種之材料。 |
英文摘要 | The objective of this study was to determine races of 114 isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae collected from diseased leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) grown in Taiwan in 2011. Diseased rice leaves were collected from 22 townships, including Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung and Pingtung Counties and lesions of each sample were isolated and purified by the single-spore isolation method. Each of the 114 isolates of M. oryzae was inoculated by spray on 16 varieties of rice, which were used as differential varieties. Based on rating of susceptibility of the 16 rice varieties to the pathogen at 7 days after inoculation, the disease reaction on each variety was compared to the 7 physiological groups reported in Taiwan previously. Results showed that, among 114 isolates tested, 89 isolates (78.1%) belonged to the six physiological groups (I, J, T, K, N, and A), among them 12 isolates were corresponding to the three previously reported races (race 1, race 2 and race 17); whereas the remaining 25 isolates (21.9%) were not in any of the previously reported physiological groups. However, none of the isolates examined in this study belonged to the P physiological group. Among the 89 isolates belonging to the six previously reported physiological groups, 35 isolates (30.7%) were in the K physiological group (the predominant group of M. oryzae), 29 isolates (25.4%) were in the I physiological group, and one isolate was in the J physiological group. The diversity of distribution of physiological types of M. oryzae isolates was the highest in samples from the Miaoli County with all the six physiological groups identified, followed by samples from Changhua, Nantou and Yunlin Counties with five physiological groups identified, and samples from Taichung, Tainan, and Pingtung Counties with four physiological groups identified. These results indicate that populations of M. oryzae are diversified in different rice production areas in Taiwan. In addition, the major physiological groups of M. oryzae were largely unchanged between isolates collected from the first crop season and the second crop season in samples from Taichung, Changhua, Nantou and Yunlin Counties. However, the physiological groups of the isolates from the first crop season and the second season were completely different in samples from Miaoli County. Among the 16 differential varieties of rice, the local bred Japonica variety, Kwang-fu No.1, was susceptible only to two of M. oryzae isolates (isolate HL2g2 and isolate ct1e3) and it was highly resistant to the other 112 isolates examined. This result suggests that Kwang-fu No.1 has potential for use in rice breeding programs for the development of new varieties with resistance to rice blast. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。