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題 名 | 楹聯作法=A Study of Making Yng Lian |
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作 者 | 王甦; | 書刊名 | 淡江大學中文學報 |
卷 期 | 5 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁59-99 |
分類號 | 856.6 |
關鍵詞 | 當句對; 單句對; 連珠對; 跳珠對; 虛實對; 頂針對; Tang-chu tui; Tan-chu tui; Lian-chu tui; T'iao-chu tui; Hsu-shih tui; Ting-chen tui; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 楹聯之產生,雖為門聯之擴大,但溯其淵源,實乃詩賦駢文之緒餘,遠在齊梁時代,沈約、謝眺等精研聲律,講求對偶,注重造句形式之美,且以北為評詩之準則。唐初承其流風,由脣吻調利,而講求屬對精工,影響及於駢文、酒令、律詩,而聲律與對偶,乃楹聯之特色。本文於對偶、疊字、類字、虛實、用語等,尤措意焉。 今日社會多元化,知識大眾化,楹聯為雅俗共賞、裨益人心之文學藝術。就語文訓練言,楹聯與詩、詞、歌、賦、駢文等古典文學,有相得益彰之效。古人從小啟蒙,即學作對 聯,以立國文根基。創作楹聯,可以訓練思維,開闊視野,有助提升文學素養。 對偶亦稱對仗,屬對之源,其來有自,文人講求屬對,始於六朝之惟美文學。下逮唐初之上官、沈宋,對偶益趨精工。上官儀有六對、八對之說,又有元兢之六種對,皎然之八種對,遍照金剛增至二十九種對,陳應性之《聯海》增至三十二種對。可謂洋洋大觀。但就其句型而言。可分為:當句對、單句對、隔句對、長偶對四者。前二者為單句,後二者為複句,單句簡短,複句繁長。本文為初學計,但討論前二者。 同一個字詞或句,接連或重復出現,謂之纇疊。類疊通常分為疊字、類字、疊句、類句四種。本文所論者為前二種,疊字為單字相連,疊字對,亦謂之連珠對;類字為單字隔離重現,亦謂之跳珠對,就楹聯言,連珠少而跳珠多,良以二字相連,不若隔字之美也。跳珠有隔一字者,有隔二字者,亦有隔三、四、五字者。此法有二十五式,作聯須以健字撐住,活字斡旋,此須以實字為基,以虛字為用,使虛實相生,則益增其美。虛實之說,亦難規以定,本文多舉實例以證。 對聯雖小道,然易學而難工。無學識易失之淺,無情感易失之刻,無文藻易失之俚,無工力宜失之浮。賈島論詩,有「二句三年得,一吟雙淚流」之句。清人趙翼論詩,有「三分人事七分天」之說,賈說尚工力,趙說重天分。二者同等重要。以作聯而論,工力重於天分。賈島之「兩句三年得」,縱改成「兩句三天得」,亦嫌太遲。而趙翼之「三分人事七分天」,不如易為「七分人事三分天」。 楹聯有其藝術性、教育性、社會性,一副含義雋永之佳聯,能引人遐思,發人深省。寓之於目而生美感,存之於心而有餘味,可謂植靈根於方寸,寓教育於藝術,以小道而扶大雅,鍼浮華而厚風俗,未可以小技而等閒視之也。 |
英文摘要 | Yng Lian begins as a broadening of Mang Lian, and can trace back to poems in Chi-Liang, when Shenn Yue and Sheih Tiaou emphasize upon rhymes and forms. In early Tang it is further developed and elaborated. Yng Lian is also under such an influence. This article will probe into its details. In today's plural culture, Yng Lian is a good past time and cultivation. It is the basis for writing poems, and can train one's thought and widen one's horizon of view. Duey Oui is also calles Duey Janq, which found its source in the Liou Chou's literature. It is greater elaborated in Tang. This article only discuss two forms of it for beginners' understanding. The repetition of a word or phrase is called Ley Dye, which can be divided into four kinds. This article is to discuss two of them. Duey Lian though not great knowledge, but is hard to be versed in. Knowledge and feeling is both required in perfecting it. The ancients describe how they endeavors to make it. Yng Lian has its artistic, educational and social values. It can reach aesthetic goal in a tacit way. In it humanity and art is combined. It should receive high esteem. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。