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題名 | 中國大陸鄉村治理危機之制度根源:壓力型體制分析視角=Analysis on the Institutional Root Causes of Rural Governance Crisis in Mainland China: Pressure System Perspective |
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作 者 | 柳金財; | 書刊名 | 中華行政學報 |
卷期 | 10 2012.06[民101.06] |
頁次 | 頁113-135 |
分類號 | 545.3 |
關鍵詞 | 壓力型體制; 鄉村治理; 農民負擔; 政績評價; 鄉鎮自治; Pressure system; Rural governance; Burden on peasants; Performance evaluation; Township autonomy; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文探討重點主要是運用「壓力型體制」的概念,探討中國大陸鄉村治理危機的制度根源。壓力型體制的運作基礎主要包括「目標責任制」及「一票否決制」,此不僅影響地方官員政績升遷,也導致鄉村治理危機,例如鄉鎮組織規模擴張、鄉鎮政府行為短期化、農民負擔嚴重惡化、地方公共產品供給不足等問題。這種鄉村治理危機進一步促發農民維權抗爭,衝擊鄉村社會穩定,且以往由農民負擔嚴重引發維權抗爭逐漸轉由土地徵收糾紛所誘發。本文初步認為在壓力型體制運作下鄉鎮幹部職位升遷決定於縣級政府對其政績評價,地方幹部基於政績考核缺乏提供農民真正所需的公共產品的動力,反易提供可凸顯其政績公共產品。因此,變革壓力型體制成為民主合作型體制,應成為行政與政治改革關鍵點;鄉鎮體制改革與地方政府治理目標,亦應建立在民主合作基礎上的鄉鎮自治制度,藉由鄉鎮政府與農民、縣級政府合作,達到有效實施善治之目的。 |
英文摘要 | The focus of this paper is to use the concept of pressure system to analyze institutional root causes of rural governance crisis in mainland China, the operation of the pressure system is based primarily on the target responsibility system and "one-vote veto", not only affects the promotion of local officials, but also lead to rural governance crisis, such as expansion of the size of the township organization, township government action short-term, serious deterioration of the farmers' burden, inadequate supply of local public goods problem. The plight of this rural governance further trigger the peasant resistance for rights, the impact of rural social stability, and borne by the farmers in the past caused serious rights struggle gradually transferred by the land expropriation disputes trigger. In this paper the preliminary view that the township cadres in the operation of the pressure system, performance promotion is determined by the county government performance evaluation and the lack of farmers really need the power of public goods, local officials based on performance evaluation, highlight its performance of public goods. Therefore, transforming the pressure system into a democratic and cooperative system should be the key points of administrative and political reform. Township reform and local governance objectives should establish the township autonomy on the basis of democratic cooperation, by the township government and farmers, the county government, to achieve their goals for effective implementation of good governance. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。