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| 題 名 | 癌症與癌症幹細胞=Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 潘信保; 龍美雲; 歐建志; | 書刊名 | 藥學雜誌 |
| 卷 期 | 28:2=111 2012.06[民101.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁74-77 |
| 分類號 | 415.138 |
| 關鍵詞 | 癌幹細胞; 腫瘤起始細胞; Cancer stem cell; Tumor-initiating cell; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 癌症普遍被認為是基因突變所引起,文獻指出癌症需要六種基因型的改變來促使癌細胞生長,其中最新開始的原因,可能是致癌基因功能增加 (gain of function) 或抑癌基因功能降低 (loss of function) 所導致。此理論指出,癌症需要基因的突變,所以需要時間的累積,因此可以解釋為何年紀大者罹患癌症發生比例較高。雖然此學說讓我們瞭解癌症可能發生的原因,然而對於癌症化療失敗的原因卻不容易找到解答。近年來由於幹細胞研究迅速的發展,有科學家發現,在癌細胞中有一小群癌症幹細胞 (cancer stem cells, CSCs) 的存在,這群細胞可以自我更新 (self-renewal) 和具備分化能力 (幹細胞的定義),可能與化療抗藥性有關。目前為止,對於癌幹細胞的存在與說法仍眾說紛紜,因此對於其來源的研究就更顯重要;若能瞭解癌幹細胞來源與更新的原因,則有益於設計藥物加以治療。 |
| 英文摘要 | Several lines of evidence indicate that tumorigenesis is a multistep process and that these steps reflect genetic alterations that drive the progressive transformation of normal human cells into highly malignant derivatives. These studies suggest that cancer cell genotypes need six essential alterations that dictate malignant growth. Mutations in certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can occur early and might become leading cause of tumorigenesis. Because gene mutations occurring in cancer cells is required time accumulation, this theory indicates that cancers are frequently found in older adults. Although gene mutation theory helps us to know the possible causes of cancer, the answers for cancer chemotherapy failure are still unknown. Due to the rapid development of stem cells in recent years, scientists find that among the cancer cells exist a small heterogeneous group of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although the current chemotherapy kills most of dividing cancer cells, CSCs are resistant to it. It is thought that the CSCs escape the killing of chemotherapeutic agents because the CSCs remain in G0 phase without entering the cell cycle. In addition, CSCs also possess the abilities to self-renew and differentiation and might be related to chemo-resistance. Thus, understanding where CSCs come from and how CSCs self-renew and differentiation is important for us to design the drugs for cancer treatment. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。