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| 題 名 | Degree of Fruit Ripeness Affecting Infestation of Papaya by Two Species of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)=木瓜成熟度影響瓜果實蠅(Diptera: Tephritidae)之感染 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 董耀仁; 宋家瑋; 莊益源; 蔣國司; 吳文哲; 鄭玲蘭; 陳健忠; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
| 卷 期 | 60:4 2011.12[民100.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁253-262 |
| 分類號 | 435.354 |
| 關鍵詞 | 東方果實蠅; 瓜實蠅; 木瓜; 果實蠅感染; 檢疫; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Papaya; Fruit fly infestation; Quarantine; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究依木瓜果皮顏色轉黃的程度進行果實成熟度分級,並檢測台農二號木瓜全綠、1–2黃溝、2–3黃溝、5黃溝、8–9分熟等五種成熟度以及日陞木瓜全綠、1/4熟、1/2熟、8–9分熟等四種成熟度之果實成熟性狀,同時探討木瓜果實成熟度與受東方果實蠅 (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))及瓜實蠅(B. cucurbitae(Coquillett))產卵感染的關係。台農二號木瓜之測試結果顯示,東方果實蠅只在8–9分熟果實上產卵,瓜實蠅則可在5黃溝與8–9分熟木瓜上產卵,而外銷採收之2–3黃溝台農二號木瓜則完全不會受東方果實蠅及瓜實蠅產卵為害。對日陞木瓜之測試,東方果實蠅可在1/2熟和8–9分熟之木瓜上產卵,瓜實蠅則可在除了全綠以外之所有成熟度木瓜上產卵。木瓜是否會遭受瓜、果實蠅產卵為害,除了取決於果實本身之成熟度外,也與瓜、果實蠅之密度有關。瓜、果實蠅在高密度下,會危害較低成熟度的木瓜。此外調查結果也顯示設置良好的網室搭配多層門設計可有效阻隔瓜、果實蠅入侵。綜合試驗結果顯示,台農二號木瓜以網室栽培,果實於適當成熟度採收,具有取代現行蒸熱檢疫處理之潛力。至於日陞木瓜,則有賴進一步廣泛調查網室內不同成熟度果實之瓜果實蠅感染率,方得評估日陞木瓜免除現行蒸熱檢疫處理之可能性。 |
| 英文摘要 | Infestation of papaya fruits by two species of fruit flies, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and the melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), was tested in the laboratory for mature green, 1-2 yellow-stripe, 2-3 yellow-stripe, 5 yellow-stripe, and mature yellow (fully ripe) fruits of the 'Tainung No. 2' papaya (Carica papaya L.), and mature green, quarter, half, and mature yellow fruits of the 'Sunrise' papaya. The fruit ripeness levels were categorized visually based on the extent of the skin's yellow color development. Mechanical measurements of colorimetric values, soluble solid contents, acidity, and flesh hardness for each ripeness category were also carried out. Oriental fruit flies only laid eggs in fully ripe fruits of the 'Tainung No. 2' papaya, while melon flies could lay eggs in both the 5 yellow-stripe and fully ripe fruits. The 2-3 yellow-stripe 'Tainung No. 2' papayas, which is the ripeness degree the export papayas being harvested, were never infested by both fly species. For 'Sunrise' papayas, oriental fruit flies laid eggs in half yellow and fully ripe fruits, while melon flies laid eggs in fruits of all ripeness levels except of the mature green fruits. Whether the papaya fruit was subject to fruit fly oviposition depended not only on the ripeness level of the fruit but also on the fly density. As fly densities become high, the ripeness degree that would suffer fly infestation could become lower. We also found that a well-established screenhouse with a multiple-layer-door design could effectively prevent fruit fly invasion. Thus, this study suggested that the protocol for export papayas, at least the 'Tainung No. 2', to be harvested at proper ripeness degrees in combination with cultivation in a well-established screenhouse should be possible to replace the current vapor heat quarantine treatment. Further intensive field screen of melon fly infestation in papaya screenhouses need to be conducted to determine if screenhouse cultivated 'Sunrise' papayas could also be exempted from additional quarantine treatments. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。