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題名 | Species Clarification for the Medicinally Valuable 'sanghuang' mushroom=珍貴藥用真菌「桑黃」蕈之種類釐清 |
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作 者 | 吳聲華; 戴玉成; 俞篤文; 王冬梅; 張恆源; 史香芸; | 書刊名 | Botanical Studies |
卷期 | 53:1 2012.01[民101.01] |
頁次 | 頁135-149 |
分類號 | 379.1 |
關鍵詞 | 擔子菌; 刺革菌科; 桑黃; 藥用真菌; 桑屬; 木層孔菌屬; 新種; 分類學; Basidiomycota; Hymenochaetaceae; Inonotus sanghuang; Medicinal fungi; Morus; New species; Phellinus; Taxonomy; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 一種流傳中國千年以上,富於傳奇性而珍貴的藥用真菌,本研究發現是個新種。桑黃,在中國、日本及韓國是具有高經濟價值的藥用真菌。桑黃醫藥使用記載於西元七世紀的中藥古籍,然其高抗癌功效卻是晚近才由現代科學研究所證實。近數十年來,日本及韓國真菌學者採用Phellinus linteus或P. baumii當做桑黃的學名。桑黃屬於Inonotus baumii-I. linteus群,然而民間傳說的桑黃究竟是哪一種?過去未有令人滿意的答案。本研究藉由分析形態特徵以及核糖體內轉錄間隔區(ITS region),以釐清I. baumii-I. linteus群內種間界定,並由此辨識出傳說中的桑黃。本研究結果顯示形態及分子特徵對於界定這類真菌的種間區分是可行的,並且多數這些真菌種類與其寄主樹種間具有專一性。真正的桑黃是一種未曾發表過的新種,I. sanghuang,野外僅長在活的桑屬樹幹,分布於中國、日本、韓國以及台灣,在野外為稀有及瀕危狀態。本研究顯示已知屬於I. baumii-I. linteus群的真菌種類有I. baumii, I. linteus, I. lonicericola, I. lonicerinus(新組合), I. sanghuang(新種),I. vaninii, I. weigelae(新種,I. weirianus,一個Inonotus未知種,P. johnsonianus以及P. repandus。Inonotus baumii-I. linteus群內分布於亞洲的六種演化出與其寄主樹木的專一性:I. baumii長在丁香屬(Syringa),I. lonicericola長在忍冬屬(Lonicera),I. lonicerinus長在忍冬屬 (Lonicera), I. sanghuang長在桑屬(Morus), I. vaninii長在楊屬(Populus), I. weigelae長在錦帶花屬(Weigela)。本文並提供這六種的形態特徵檢索表。 |
英文摘要 | A legendary and very valuable medicinal fungus first known in China 2000 years ago is recognized in this study as a new species. The sanghuang mushroom (桑黃, sanghuang) is a popular medicinal polypore used throughout China, Japan, and Korea. While its medicinal properties were recognized in an early Tang Dynasty herbal written in the 7th century, modern scientific research has only recently confirmed its highly effective antitumor properties. Although Japanese and Korean mycologists have adopted Phellinus linteus or P. baumii as the scientific name for sanghuang that belongs to the Inonotus baumii-I. linteus group in the Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota), its species identity has not been satisfactorily answered. This study delimits the species of the I. baumii-I. linteus group including sanghuang, based on an analysis of morphological characteristics and nrDNA ITS sequences. Both morphological and molecular features were useful in separating different fungal species in this monophyletic group that are generally specialized with their host tree species. The true sanghuang is a new and previously undescribed species that grows solely on Morus in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It is now rare and endangered in the wild. Six related species of the I. baumii-I. linteus group distributed in Asia have evolved to specific host tree species: I. baumii on Syringa, I. lonicericola on Lonicera, I. lonicerinus comb. nov. on Lonicera, I. sanghuang on Morus, I. vaninii on Populus, and I. weigelae sp. nov. on Weigela; a key is provided to ease the determination of these taxa. |
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