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題 名 | 宗教感情、表達自由與多元文化--從魯西迪一案談起=Religion Sentiment, Freedom of Expression, and the Plurality of Cultures |
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作 者 | 林植堅; | 書刊名 | 真理財經法學 |
卷 期 | 5 2010.09[民99.09] |
頁 次 | 頁1-59 |
分類號 | 580.162 |
關鍵詞 | 瀆神罪; 瀆神誹謗罪; 宗教自由; 言論自由; 多元文化論; 團體權; Blasphemy; Blasphemous libel; Freedom of religion; Freedom of speech; Multiculturalism; Group rights; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文從英國皇后法院對「魯西迪」一案的判決Reginav. Chief Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, Ex parteChoudhury﹝1991﹞說明,英格蘭關於傳統自由民主民族國家就宗教自由所設定的法律規範,在一個新浮現的,多元文化社會的脈絡中,勢必有所調整。英格蘭與美國的政教完全分離不同, 它還有所甜謂的國教。魯西迪案發生時,普通法上有瀆神罪與瀆神誹謗罪,回教人士因不滿魯西迪在小說中對穆罕默德的煽動描述, 以上述罪名訴請法院裁決,法院則以上述罪名限於保障基督教而駁同原告之訴。在當時現行法上看,此舉應屬無誤,但顯然無法說服回教人士。瀆神與瀆神誹謗兩罪名今已廢止。 人類社會自始就存在不同族裔或種族,傳統自由主義忽略了這點:不僅國際社會是多族裔的,國內社會也是。在此前提下,任何重大國際衝突都有可能轉變為國內衝突。近年來,英國與歐洲社會一般言之,對移民與多元文化觀念的反對聲浪,益加激烈。然而,即使移民運動立刻停止,即使多元文化的觀念一時消沉;長遠觀之,多元文化的觀念會一再出現,因為大量移民已經在了,同人類社會的構成從來不是單一族裔的。多元文化論只是繼其他思潮如女性主義,批判種族研究等,對這一長期的忽略發出質疑,而要求實質平等的一個聲首而已。對此,西方自由主義無法漠視,在這個問題上,自由主義與特別是西方的傳統民族國家社會,無疑將繼續受到挑戰。 |
英文摘要 | This essay takes the incidence of “Rushdie” as the starting point to talk about issues around what is now known as multiculturalism. England, as most other European countries, does not sanction the strict separation of the state and church as does the United States. The two English common law offences, blasphemy and blasphemous libel, then, were intended only to protect the Christian religion. As a result, in the case of “Rushdie,” Muslims’ claim that their religious faith was not duly respected was doomed to fail. The two common law offences, blasphemy and blasphemous libel, are now repealed, but the claims of ethnic minorities are not thereby put to rest. In terms of Brian Barry, “a spectre is now haunting Europe.” The spectre is multiculturalism, which is a very controversial topic. Those proposing it claim that it is an extension of liberalism; for those against it, however, it is the revolt of the Untermensch, or the “Trojan Horse,” aimed at subverting the West from within. In addition to its alleged corrosiveness to Western Liberalism, it also poses a threat to the nation-state as we commonly understand it. The rise of multiculturalism, indeed, indicates the unequal power relations between ethnic groups, and, so, largely reflects the status quo of the global power relations. But the primary reason, I think, is liberals’ long-term ignorance of the diversity of human society. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。