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題名 | Population Structure, Life History Strategy, and Sustainable Fishery of the Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica in Taiwan=臺灣地區的日本鰻族群結構、生活史策略和永續漁業的研究 |
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作 者 | 曾萬年; | 書刊名 | 臺灣水產學會刊 |
卷期 | 38:1 2011.03[民100.03] |
頁次 | 頁1-19 |
分類號 | 439.2 |
關鍵詞 | 日本鰻; 族群結構; 生活史策略; 永續漁業; Japanese eel; Population structure; Life history strategy; Sustainable fishery; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 日本鰻是兩側洄游性魚類,在淡水域成長而在海洋產卵。日本鰻的數量和美洲鰻以及歐洲鰻一樣,自1970年代後急速下降。本文回顧過去30年來台灣地區日本鰻的族群結構、生活史策略和開發狀態之研究。研究發現鰻魚的性別不是先天遺傳而是後天環境所決定的。成長期的黃鰻之棲地利用和洄游行為可分為淡水型、河口型和海水型,數量以河口型的比例為最多。成長表現及性比在不同洄游型之間有明顯差異。生活史的演化朝向雄性年齡小型化和雌性體型大型化,以利族群的繁衍。台灣地區鰻線的過度捕撈仍然無法滿足養殖的需求。為了增加鰻線的天然補充量,台灣政府自1976年起實施人工催熟的銀鰻放流計劃,但效益不彰。YPR和SPR模式顯示台灣河流的日本鰻有補充量和成長的過漁現象。西北太平洋的日本鰻是一個逢機交配族群,其基因結構沒有時間空間的隔離現象。因此台灣、中國大陸、韓國和日本的日本鰻應當做一個管理單位來考慮。為了鰻魚資源的永續利用,應限制河川內的銀鰻之捕獲量,以便增加其降河量。在實際管理應用上,可以考慮以國家為基礎的後生族群的分工管理方式。 |
英文摘要 | The Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) is a catadromous fish, growing in freshwaters and spawning in the ocean. Japanese eel abundance has dramatically decreased since the 1970s, as have European and American eel abundances. We review the population structure, life history strategy, and exploitation status for the sustainable use of the Japanese eel based on studies over the past 3 decades in Taiwan. The sex of the eel is not determined genetically but environmentally. The habitat use and migratory behavior of the eel in the growth-phase yellow eel stage can be classified into 3 contingents: estuarine, fresh-and seawater. The estuarine contingent is the most dominant. Different habitat use seems to influence their growth performance and sex ratio. The evolution of eel life history has produced a strategy of age minimization for males and size maximization for females. The catch of glass eels is insufficient to meet the demand for eel aquaculture in Taiwan although glass eels have been overexploited in most of rivers. To increase the recruitment of glass eels, a restocking program that released hormone-induced silver eel has been conducted in Taiwan since 1976, but the efficiency of the program was not significant. YPR and SPR models indicated that the Japanese eel in the rivers of Taiwan might be close to recruitment and growth overfishing. The Japanese eel is a panmictic population, without isolation by distance and time in genetic structure, and should be considered as a management unit across its dispersal range of Taiwan, China, Korea, and Japan. To sustain the eel fishery, the escapement of silver eels should be increased by controlling its catch in the river. In practice, the management unit could be divided into country-based subpopulations by using a meta-population approach. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。