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題 名 | 高雄市產業毒化災害防救現況與對策分析=The Analysis of Current Status and Action Strategies for Toxic Chemical Disasters in Kaohsiung City |
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作 者 | 陳政任; | 書刊名 | 城市發展 |
卷 期 | 11 2011.09[民100.09] |
頁 次 | 頁39-58 |
分類號 | 555.56 |
關鍵詞 | 高雄市; 毒化災; 災害潛勢分析; Kaohsiung city; Toxic chemical disasters; Disaster risk potential analysis; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著科技的發展,各產業所使用、運作之各類化學物質也日益增加,但因化學物質多具有毒性、易燃性、腐蝕性及反應性等危害特性,若於製造、使用、儲存、運輸及廢棄等運作過程中,因操作不慎便可能引起重大的災害事故,除造成生命與財產的損失之外,也可能污染環境;特別是高危害性之毒性化學物質若發生外洩將可能擴散至大氣而對鄰近環境與居民造成重大傷害。故如何在災害未發生之前能先瞭解毒化災害可能會發生的地點與可能的影響將有利於規劃救災的整備與強化各運作場所的管理以預防災害的發生。 本研究依據南區毒災應變諮詢中心於高雄市 (含合併前高雄縣)出勤事故之統計,自民國 92年至 99年間總計出勤 147件毒化災害事故,檢視分析事故原因以人為因素為最多,約佔整體 45%;另機械與電氣設備故障所引發意外事件次之,分別佔整體的 16%及 12%。檢視事故地區分佈,以前鎮區事故件數最多,共計 30件,約佔整體 20%,另小港區及大寮區分別各 14件居次之,約占總體 9.5%次之;此前三名為高雄港區與毒化物運作廠(場)較多之區域;但屬於市區的三民區也有 8件,以運輸及一般民宅的不明事故為主。 本研究以擴散模擬程式針對高雄市地區毒化物運作場所進行危害範圍分析,並應用地理資訊系統與圖層套疊方式繪製毒災風險潛勢圖,可發現高風險潛勢區域主要集中於前鎮區、小港區,次高之潛勢風險度位於林園區、大社區、仁武區,此毒災風險潛勢圖與過去歷年毒化災事故位置互相套疊比較結果大致符合。 最後由事故分析統計與毒化物運作場所的災害潛勢分析結果,本研究提出可行之管理強化方案,以落實預防與減災之目標。 |
英文摘要 | With the development of science and technology, the use and operation of all kinds of chemicals is increasing in all industries. However owing to the inherent toxicity, flammability, corrosivity and reactivity in the chemicals, a major chemical disaster can occur if cares are not taken properly during manufacturing, utilization, storage, transportation, and waste treatment. The disaster can result in losses in life and property as well as pollution to the environment. In particular when there is a leak of highly toxic chemicals, the dispersion of the toxic chemicals can greatly affect the nearby community and environment. Thus, it is important to assess the location and impact from potential chemical disasters. The assessment will also benefit the preparedness and management enforcement in all toxic chemicals operating facilities to prevent disaster or reduce the impact from the disaster. In this work, a total of 147 responded incidents from EPA Southern Environmental Emergency Response Team during 2003 to 2010 are analyzed. Among the cause of incidents, human factor accounts for 45% of all incidents while mechanical and electrical malfunctions accounts for 16% and 12% of all incidents, respectively. Among the incident location, Cianjhen District had a total of 30 incidents accounting for 20% of total incidents. Siaogang District and Daliao District each had 14 incidents accounting for 9.5% of total incidents. These three districts are where Kaohsiung Harbor and a large number of toxic chemical operating facilities located. However, the Sanmin District in the downtown also had 8 incidents which were mostly transportation and residential incidents. This work then performs the analysis of hazardous zone for all toxic chemical operating facilities in Kaohsiung City. Geological Information System (GIS) and overlapping technique are then used to draw the toxic risk potential map. The results found that highest risk potential areas locate in Siaogang District and Cianjhen District. The second highest risk potential areas locate in Linyuan District, Dashe District, and Renwu Dsitrict. These high risk potential areas roughly match the past incidents. Finally with the aids of incident analysis and toxic risk potential map, this work propose a series of plausible management actions to enforce the prevention and mitigation of toxic disasters in Kaohsiung City. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。