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題 名 | 公務人員特種考試特殊應考資格設限之研究=A Study on the Eligibility Requirements Limitation of the Civil Service Special Examinations |
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作 者 | 懷敘; | 書刊名 | 國家菁英 |
卷 期 | 7:2=26 2011.06[民100.06] |
頁 次 | 頁59-74 |
專 輯 | 從兩公約探討國家考試設限妥適性 |
分類號 | 573.44 |
關鍵詞 | 考試用人; 用人政策; 用人機關; 應考資格限制; Examination-based employment; Employment policy; Employment agencies; Exam eligibility requirements; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 憲法明定人民之生存權、工作權及財產權,應予保障,並有應考試、服公職之權,且無分男女、宗教、種族、階級、黨派,在法律上一律平等,上開基本精神揭示,國家考試亦不能違反憲法賦予人民應考試與服公職之權,即有意擔任公職者,政府應給予其平等應考的機會,以符合憲法所保障之平等原則。另「公民與政治權利國際公約」、「經濟社會文化權利國際公約」(以下簡稱兩公約)已於98年12月10日公布施行,兩公約內容並已成為我國國內法一部分,為落實保障人權及提高社會公義目標,相關法令及行政措施自應順應世界人權發展潮流,澈底實踐兩公約內容。 為落實憲法考試用人精神,現行公務人員之進用,不論是公務人員考試及專門職業及技術人員考試,均須通過考選機關舉行之公開競爭考試,而為因應特殊機關之用人需要,公務人員考試法及其施行細則,並賦予特殊性質機關得請辦特種考試之依據,以其業務性質與一般行政機關有所差異,為遴選適任人員,部分特種考試於應考資格之體格檢查、性別、兵役及年齡等條件設有限制,惟上開限制是否違反人權保障之意旨,迭有檢討之聲。本文藉由現行公務人員特種考試之概況談起,說明特種考試請辦之特色及應考資格限制等現況,並試由法律層面及司法院大法官解釋說明特殊應考資格之適法性,再由人力資源面向及用人機關角度探討應考資格限制之適當性,另參酌考試院推動人權保障之重點及政策規劃方向,提出相關改進建議,上開淺見希可作為未來相關機關規劃相關政策之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Constitution stipulates that the right of existence, the right of work, and the right of property shall be guaranteed to all citizens. All citizens shall have the right of taking public examinations, holding public offices, and shall be equal before the law, irrespective of sex, religion, race, class, or party affiliation. According to the above, national examinations held by the government should be in accordance with the right of taking public examinations and holding public offices written in Constitution. To follow the equality principle in Constitution, the government shall offer the equal opportunity of taking examinations to people willing to hold public offices. In addition, “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights” and “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” (hereinafter referred to as “the two Covenants”) were announced and enforced on Dec 10, 2009. The contents of the two Covenants have been parts of law in R.O.C. For carrying out human rights protection and raising the goal of social justice, relevant laws and regulations should follow the world trend of the development of human rights by practicing the contents of the two Covenants. In the spirit of the ROC Constitution providing for examination-based employment, the selection of the current civil servants and Professional and Technical Personnel must pass the examination in open competitive examinations that held by the examination agencies, and according to civil service examination act, gives special agencies in response to special needs, for the selection of qualified person, part of the eligibility requirements in the physical examination, gender, military service, age and other conditions with restrictions, but these restrictions may violate human rights protection of the intention. This article begins with the description and characteristics of the current Civil Service Special Examination, then follows legal aspects and the explanation of the Grand Justices, and analyzes if the special eligibility Requirements is appropriate. Last but not least, judging from human resources and employment agencies, the article also elaborates the necessity of eligibility Requirements and takes policy planning made by Examination Yuan into account. Finally, it offers several recommendations for further discussion and improvement. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。