頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 工作平等與優惠之平衡--美國經驗之借鏡=Balance between Equality in Employment and Preferential Measures--Drawing upon the Experience of the United States |
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作 者 | 焦興鎧; | 書刊名 | 國家菁英 |
卷 期 | 7:2=26 2011.06[民100.06] |
頁 次 | 頁9-36 |
專 輯 | 從兩公約探討國家考試設限妥適性 |
分類號 | 556.84 |
關鍵詞 | 一九六六年公民與政治權利國際公約; 一九六六年經濟社會文化權利國際公約; 工作平等; 優惠待遇; 積極行動方案; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966; Equality in employment; Preferential measures; Affirmative action programs; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 我國通過兩公約施行法,在從事各類勞動法制改革後,於促進公平就業理念時,難免會觸及工作平等與優惠措施平衡之爭議,由於這類問題在美國近年來引發諸多爭議,其經驗可供我國參考攻錯之處頗多,因此本文之目的,希望能對美國過去四十多年來推動就業上積極行動方案之相關措施及所引發之爭議等,做一簡要之說明,並詳析其利弊得失,以供我國在採行類似制度時借鏡之用。除序言及結語外,全文共分三個部分:第一部分探討兩公約之制定背景及所建構保障勞動人權之範疇,然後再闡敘各國際組織嗣後對保障工作平等權所從事之努力,至於它們對各類優惠措施採行及推動之支持,也將在此一部分加以提及。第二部分說明美國建構此一制度之重要法源依據,尤其是幾項相關總統行政命令之內容,然後再討論此一制度之具體實施方式及態樣。第三部分則對美國實施此一制度之利弊得失做一整體之評析,並說明其可供我國參考借鏡之處。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this paper is to discuss the controversy arising from maintaining the balance between equality in employment and preferential measures which occurred after Taiwan ratified two important international countries governing fundamental human rights, i.e. the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Convent on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Since this issue has already been widely discussed and debated in the United States, these past experiences offer lessons that Taiwan can draw upon. This paper offers an overall assessment on the efforts made by the United States through affirmative action programs in eliminating employment discrimination in the past 45 years. The main contents of the paper are divided into three sections. Section One describes the background and major provisions dealing with the protection of workers’ rights, including the elimination of employment discrimination contained in these two important international covenants, in order to contextualize the controversy over equality in employment and preferential measures. Section Two deals with legal sources, such as related statutes and executive orders issued by presidents, important examples and the methods of implementation for numerous types of affirmative action programs in the United States. Section Three makes an overall evaluation of this system, including its merits, shortcomings and controversies in the United States and discusses whether the American experience in this field can provide any lessons for Taiwan to maintain a balance between equality in employment and preferential measures. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。