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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Control of Phytophthora Disease of Fruit Tree Seedlings by Neutralized Phosphorous Acid=利用亞磷酸中和水溶液防治果樹苗木疫病 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 安寶貞; 王姻婷; 蔡志濃; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 60:2 2011.06[民100.06] |
頁次 | 頁149-156 |
分類號 | 433.7 |
關鍵詞 | 亞磷酸; 疫病; 疫病防治; 金柑; 枇杷; 酪梨; Phosphorous acid; Phytophthora diseases; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Phytophthora citrophthora; Phytophthora nicotianae; Disease control; Kumquat; Avocado; Loquat; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本研究評估簡便調製之亞磷酸中和水溶液(neutralized phosphorous acid solution, NPA)對三種果樹幼苗疫病之防治效果。一年生的長實金柑(Fortunella margarita)/廣東檸檬(Citrus limon)嫁接苗每株噴布50 mLNPA(濃度1000 mg/L),每星期施用一次,2-3次後,再接種Phytophthora citrophthora 的游走子懸浮液,接種14天後疫病幾乎不會發生;而對照處理則有44.8%與50.8%的葉片染病,並且伴隨枝條流膠與枝枯。而五年生的結果金柑苗每株噴布500 mL相同濃度的NPA三次,可以完全保護果實、葉片及枝條不被病菌感染;而接種病菌的對照處理的發病率分別為80%,59%及20%,發病之枝條同樣伴隨流膠與枝枯。六個月大的茂木枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica cv. 'Mogi')實生苗之土壤表面每株灌注50 mL NPA (2000 mg/L) 或噴布10 mL NPA(1000 mg/L)三次,每次間隔30天,之後莖基部接種疫病菌P. nicotianae之麥粒菌種,90天後均無幼苗死亡;而對照處理則有60%與65%的死亡率。六個月大的台南種酪梨(Persea americana cv. 'Tainan')在接種P. cinnamomi厚膜孢子懸浮液後,每盆土壤灌注100 mL NPA(1000 mg/L或2000 mg/L)三次,每次間隔90天,NPA的處理在試驗期間均無植株死亡,而接菌對照處理有50%與60%死亡率,NPA處理組的平均株重比接菌對照處理顯著為重,但比不接菌對照處理顯著為差。 |
英文摘要 | A greenhouse study was conducted to determine effects of neutralized phosphorous acid solution (NPA) on control of Phytophthora diseases of kumquat (Fortunella margarita) grafted on Rangpur lemon (Citrus limon), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica cv. 'Mogi') and avocado (Persea americana cv. 'Tainan'). The NPA solution was prepared by dissolving phosphorous acid in water and then adding equal weight of potassium hydroxide to the solution. For kumquat, 1-year-old seedlings were sprayed with NPA solution (1000 mg/L), 50 mL/seedling, for 2 or 3 times at weekly interval and then sprayed with zoospore suspensions of Phytophthora citrophthora, 10 mL/seedling, at 7 days after last NPA spray. After inoculation for 14 days, each seedling was recorded for disease incidence on leaves. In another experiment, 5-year-old kumquat plants grafted on Rangpur lemon were sprayed with NPA (1000 mg/L), 500 mL/plant, for 3 times at weekly interval and inoculated with the pathogen, 200 mL/plant, at 7 days after last NPA spray. For loquat, 6-month-old seedlings were treated with NPA (2000 mg/L) by soil drenching or with NPA (1000 mg/L) by spraying for 3 times at 30-day interval. The seedlings were then inoculated with Phytophthora nicotianae by placing one gram of pathogen-colonized wheat-oat grains on the wounded area of basal stems. For avocadoes, 6-month-old seedlings were inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi by drenching with 100 mL of chlamydospore suspension on each plant and then treated with NPA (1000 or 2000 mg/L) by soil drenching for 3 times at 3-month interval. Results showed that spraying kumquat seedlings with NPA at 1000 mg/L (a.i.) for 2-3 times significantly reduced seedling blight (<2% infected leaves) caused by P. citrophthora, compared to untreated controls (>44.8% infected leaves). Similarly, NPA sprayed three times on 5-year-old kumquat plants was also effective in reducing incidence of Phytophthora fruit rot, leaf blight and twig blight. Application of NPA at 2000 mg/L by soil drenching or at 1000 mg/L by spraying completely controlled basal stem rot of loquat caused by P. nicotianae, whereas more than 60% of seedlings were killed in the controls. The avocado seedlings treated with NPA by soil drenching and inoculated with the pathogen were all survived during the test period, whereas 50-60% seedlings were killed in the pathogen-inoculated control. Avocado seedlings treated with NPA were taller and heavier than the pathogen-inoculated control, but they were shorter and lighter than the non-inoculated control. This study reveals that NPA is a chemical with potential for practical use in the management of Phytophthora diseases of kumquat, loquat and avocado. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。