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題 名 | 1953: The Defining Moment for the Famine--The United Grain Procurement and Marketing System Revisited=1953:導致大饑荒的關鍵時刻--統購統銷制度的再考察 |
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作 者 | 高崢; | 書刊名 | 當代中國研究 |
卷 期 | 17:2 2010.10[民99.10] |
頁 次 | 頁48-80 |
分類號 | 628.63 |
關鍵詞 | 糧食統購統銷; 1959~1961年大饑荒; 周期性飢荒; 人均糧食攝入; 地方政治文化; 信息故障; 定購; 食品權利; 長期的糧食短缺; 陳雲; 薄一波; 超購; United grain procurement and marketing; The great famine of 1959~1961; Periodical famine; Per capita grain intakes; Local political culture; Intelligence failure; Fixed purchase; Entitlement to food; Chronic food shortage; Chen Yun; Bo Yibo; Above quota purchase; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文仔細考察了統購統銷政策的制定和執行的歷史。這一政策禁止了糧食自由貿易,廢除了「藏糧於民」的傳統,建立了以城市為中心的食品分配制度。本文認為,統購統銷政策的起始之年1953,是導致1959-1961大饑荒的決定性一年。因為這一年,國家啟動了蓄意降低農民的食物攝取量的政策過程,使中國的農村人口日益虛弱,貧困和易受傷害。雖然中外學者以往分析過的諸多因素,都是引起大饑荒的部分原因,而全國性的自然災害又是誘發這場災難的導火索,但是,1953年以來中國許多地區農民長期經受的週期性饑餓和虛弱,才是大規模饑荒和死亡的根本原因。 |
英文摘要 | This study is a close examination of the origins and implementation of the Unified Grain Procurement and Food Rationing policy beginning in 1953 which banned free trade in grain, abolished the tradition of “depositing grain with people,’ and established a system of food distribution which favored urban areas. It argues that 1953 was the defining moment, which led to the great famine of 1959-1961, because it started the long process in which the state deliberately reduced the per capita grain intake of the rural population and rendered them weak, exhausted, and vulnerable. The Chinese and foreign scholars have focused on several other factors that contributed to the Great Famine of 1959-1961, such as the nation-wide natural disaster that served as the precipitating trigger. This study, however, reveals that the chronic starvation and vulnerability in rural areas since 1953 were the most pivotal factors in shaping the famine’s magnitude and in causing such a high death toll. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。