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題 名 | 臺灣自殺率具空間群聚嗎?模仿效應或結構效應=Spatial Analysis of Suicide in Taiwan: Spatial Imitation or Structural Similarity |
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作 者 | 周孟嫻; 紀玉臨; 謝雨生; | 書刊名 | 人口學刊 |
卷 期 | 41 2010.12[民99.12] |
頁 次 | 頁1-65 |
分類號 | 548.85 |
關鍵詞 | 自殺; 模仿效應; 結構效應; 干擾式空間相依性; 空間誤差模型; Suicide; Spatial imitation; Structural similarity; Nuisance spatial dependence; Spatial error model; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究目的為探討臺灣鄉鎮市區自殺死亡率的空間聚集現象,並驗證自殺空間聚集現象的詮釋論:Durkheim《自殺論》與Tarde《模仿律》對臺灣自殺空間聚集解釋的適用性。同時,也瞭解前述現象之時間趨勢。使用行政院衛生署死因檔,以及戶口與住宅普查資料,本研究採用空間分析方法,分析1980、1990及2000年臺灣各鄉鎮市區自殺率的空間型態及其原因。探索式空間分析顯示臺灣各鄉鎮市區自殺率有顯著的空間群聚現象:山地鄉與東部鄉鎮為高自殺率的聚集區,而都會區則為低自殺率的聚集區。此外,自殺率空間聚集的強度有減弱的趨勢。在控制地區社會碎化與資源剝奪因素的影響後,臺灣的地區自殺率仍然呈現空間聚集性。同時,臺灣各地區自殺率的空間聚集現象,不支持Tarde認為地區自殺率的空間聚集是因為自殺模仿的觀點,而支持Durkheim認為地區自殺率的空間聚集是因為地區的社會經濟結構不利性的空間聚集之結果。最後,空間誤差模型顯示離婚人口比例、扶養比、嬰幼兒死亡率及農業人口比例愈高的區域,有愈高的自殺死亡率。 |
英文摘要 | The aim of this study is to examine the geographic patterning of suicide rates across townships and the temporal evolution from 1980 to 2000 in Taiwan and to shed light on the appropriateness of spatial clustering mechanisms of local suicide rates in Taiwan, including both Durkheim's structural hypothesis and Tarde's imitation hypothesis. A spatial analysis of data from a mortality database and population and housing census data of Taiwan from 1980 to 2000 was conducted. The results of exploratory spatial data analysis show that township-level suicide rates exhibit significant spatial dependence in Taiwan. Clusters of high suicide rates are found in aboriginal areas and east townships, whereas those of low rates are detected in the metropolitan areas. The degree of spatial dependence of local suicide rates in Taiwan has weakened from 1980 to 2000. Controlling for effects of social fragmentation and resource deprivation, local suicide rates still manifest persistent spatial clustering patterns. The Lagrange Multiplier diagnostics support the Durkheimian perspective that the spatial clustering of suicide was only due to structural similarity between spatial units. And, the spatial imitation perspective suggested by Tarde plays no significant role in shaping the spatial clustering pattern of suicide in the Taiwan area. The results of spatial error models also indicate that the more severe the degree of social fragmentation and resource deprivation, the higher the rates of suicide local townships experience. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。