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題名 | 自由跌水流作用於坡度渠床之能量損失試驗研究=Experiment Study of Energy Loss on Sloping Downstream Channel Bed by Free Over-fall Flow |
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作 者 | 陳正炎; 黃宏信; 劉希羿; 闕河杰; 徐垚鉉; | 書刊名 | 臺灣水利 |
卷期 | 58:1=229 2010.03[民99.03] |
頁次 | 頁68-78 |
分類號 | 443 |
關鍵詞 | 自由跌水流; 能量損失; 渠床坡度; Free overfall flow; Energy loss; Bed slope; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年來自由跌水消能工已被廣泛運用在水利工程構造物中,其藉由水舌沖擊渠床而導致水流能量損失,亦是消能工最易受損之處。依據台灣60條較大河川資料統計,河道平均坡度小於7%,共43條占全部60條之72%,為探究當渠床坡度S改變,對應之水流能量損失程度為何,誠屬重要研究課題。本文分別改變不同的渠床坡度(S =0~9%)、跌水高度(H = 0.15~0.30m)及跌水數 (D =2.61× 10-4~487.3× 10-4) 等水力參數進行渠槽試驗。研究結果顯示,自由跌水流之能量損失∆E隨著跌水數D增加而變小,於坡度效應,則隨渠床坡度S變陡而變大,且相對於上游臨界水深Yc 之能量損失∆E (∆E / Yc),與跌水數D及渠床坡度S,經迴歸分析後得一經驗式,相關性極高,期能作為未來設置跌水消能工之參考。 |
英文摘要 | In recent years, free overfall or vertical drop has been widely used in both natural and artificial channels. The energy loss due to the drop structure is caused by the napped flow impact onto downstream channel bed. According to a local statistical result in Taiwan, 43 out of 60 major rivers (about 72%) possess a bed slope less than 7%. In the study, the extent of energy loss is explored by varying the bed slope (S = 0 to 9%), the drop height (H = 0.15 to 0.30 m) and the drop number (D = 2.61 × 10-4 to 487.3 × 10-4) using channel tests. The present results indicated that energy loss decreases with increasing drop number and increases with increasing slope bed. An empirical equation is derived to estimate the relative energy loss with correlation well. It can be used as an important reference for the drop structure to design. |
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