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題 名 | Thoreau's “Solitude” in Walden: The Marriage of Metaphor and Metonymy=梭羅《湖濱散記.孤寂篇》:暗喻與轉喻之結合 |
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作 者 | 張登翰; | 書刊名 | 真理大學人文學報 |
卷 期 | 8 2009.10[民98.10] |
頁 次 | 頁249-272 |
分類號 | 874.6 |
關鍵詞 | 梭羅; 湖濱散記; 孤寂; 暗喻; 轉喻; Thoreau; Walden; Solitude; Metaphor; Metonymy; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文借用雅可布森(Roman Jakobson)對於暗喻(metaphor)和轉喻(metonymy)的觀點,討論梭羅(Henry David Thoreau)所著《湖濱散記・孤寂篇》所呈現的獨特思想。傳統上,梭羅歸屬於浪漫派,而〈孤寂篇〉則最具有濃厚的浪漫色彩︰和英國浪漫派詩人華茲華斯(William Wordsworth)一樣,梭羅在作品中刻畫一個自我放逐、追求理想的主角。然而,梭羅在文中大量使用暗喻和轉喻,「浪漫」一詞已不足描述其特色。照雅可布森所論,浪漫派精於暗喻,而寫實派則擅長轉喻。一般而言,轉喻通常預設一特定寫實「情境」(context)之存在,一如寫實派常以「社會」或「家庭」等寫實情境為背景;而暗喻則脫離任何寫實「情境」,一如浪漫派常離群索居、脫離現實。本文分三方面來討論梭羅使用暗喻和轉喻的情況︰(一)大自然之呈現︰梭羅筆下之自然,混合了理想和現實的成分,且超越物理上「距離」的概念;(二)人在孤寂中之自我身分以及人際關係︰梭羅雖然嚮往純淨超然的人生,卻不完全脫離人類社會;(三)人和自然的關係︰人是自然的一部分,同時又和自然相等,而人類社會中的「價值」觀,梭羅常用來形容自然。在他筆下,人和自然在「轉喻」與「暗喻」巧妙結合中,實為一體,不應強為區分。依此看來,梭羅既浪漫又寫實,其成就非單一風格所能窮盡其妙。 |
英文摘要 | This paper explores the peculiarity of the “Solitude” chapter in Walden by Henry David Thoreau in the light of Roman Jakobson’s arguments about metaphor and metonymy. Traditionally, Thoreau is considered a romantic, while the “Solitude” chapter highlights his romantic style most strongly: like the English romantic William Wordsworth, he characterizes a self-exiled hero who quests for an ideal. However, “romantic” fails to describe Thoreau’s style since he employs abundantly both metaphor and metonymy. According to Jakobson, metaphor flourishes in romanticism, while metonymy, realism. Generally speaking, metonymy presupposes the existence of a realistic “context,” which corresponds to “society” or “family” in a realistic work; metaphor occurs without regard to any realistic “context,” a situation which echoes the self-exile or transcendence of reality in romanticism. This paper will explore Thoreau’s deployment of metaphor and metonymy with respect to three aspects: (1) the presentation of Nature: Nature under the pen of Thoreau incorporates the elements of both the ideal and the mundane, and disregards the physical distance; (2) Man’s self-identity in solitude and human relationship: Thoreau quests for spiritual purity, but does not withdraw himself completely from human society; (3) Man’s relationship with Nature: human beings are treated as part of Nature on the one hand and as her equal on the other hand, and terms of economy are frequently used to describe Nature. Man and Nature, with the ingenuous deployment of metaphor and metonymy, are treated as One; it is unreasonable to separate both. Therefore, Thoreau is both romantic and realistic, and his achievement cannot simply be classified as either. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。