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題 名 | 以棕櫚油泥漿製備生質柴油之技術開發=The Preparation Biodiesel from Sludge Palm Oil |
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作 者 | 楊先仁; 林永昌; 黃啟輝; 方士榮; | 書刊名 | 遠東學報 |
卷 期 | 27:1 2010.03[民99.03] |
頁 次 | 頁35-49 |
分類號 | 400.15 |
關鍵詞 | 棕櫚油泥漿; 生質柴油; 綠色能源; 引擎測試; Sludge palm oil; Biodiesel; Esterification reaction; Transesterification reaction; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為了解決環保與能源的雙重難題,可再生、低污染低的綠色能源之開發,已引起世界各國的高度關注。在所有的綠色能源中,生質柴油即是目前人類積極開發的綠色替代能源中的一種,也是目前台灣已落實於應用層面的一項產物。本研究主要是透過先酸後鹼的兩步催化,將低價、量多且來源廣泛的棕櫚油泥漿(Sludge Palm Oil, SPO)轉化成綠色能源生質柴油,在實驗過程中嚐試使用不同濃度的觸媒、不同的甲醇添加量來進行研究。 由實驗結果發現,酸催化幾乎可以把SPO 中全部的游離脂肪酸轉化成脂肪酸甲酯,且鹼催化前並不適合進行樣品的水洗。另一方面,硫酸添加量越多,酸價隨著時間增加下降的越快;而甲醇添加量越多,反應後樣品的酸價會越低,反應也會越快達到平衡。進行鹼催化時,添加0.3、0.6、0.9wt.%的氫氧化鈉,經過十五分鐘的反應後甲酯濃度就可以達到穩定狀態,且最初的反應速率都相當快,但是過多的氫氧化鈉添加(1.2 wt.%),反而會導致乳化現象的產生,使得油水兩相無法分離。由棕櫚油泥漿製之生質柴油進行引擎測試(B20)後發現氮氧化物的濃度些微上升,但CO 及HC 都會小幅的下降。 |
英文摘要 | Research into green renewable energy that promises a reduced environmental impact is a global phenomenon. The main reason is that fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil are non-renewable. Their use also has a negative impact on the environment and climate change in terms of contributing to the greenhouse effect. Biodiesel is one kind of popular green alternative energy source which is currently being put into practical use. In the present study, the biodiesel was prepared from sludge palm oil (SPO) by a two-stage catalytic process. SPO is the surplus waste from the palm oil extraction process, and it is very low-priced. It only costs 40% of the list price for crude palm oil. In the meantime, Other than Malaysia, the Philippines and Africa produce large amounts of SPO. SPO has high content of free fatty acid, therefore the acid-catalyzed process must be used first to convert the free fatty acid in SPO into fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) by the esterification reaction, and then the alkaline-catalyzed process was applied for further transesterification reaction of the SPO which can convert palm oil into biodiesel. After acid-catalyzed experiment, the free fatty acid in SPO was almost completely converted into fatty acid methyl ester. The free fatty acid decreases with the increase of the content of sulfuric acid addition. On the other hand, the increase of NaOH addition was induced to the high content of methyl ester (i.e. the conversion was high). However, the saponification reaction of the free fatty acid occurs as the amount of NaOH is more than 1.2 wt.%, which leads to the separation of two phase becomes more difficult. The yield of biodiesel was also directly proportional to the amounts of methanol. However, as the addition of the methanol was more than 40%, the yield of methyl ester was decrease. The properties of the product can compete with those of the advanced diesel. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。