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題 名 | 莫拉克颱風形成之堰塞湖及危險度評估=Landslide Dams Induced by Typhoon Morakot and Its Risk Assessment |
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作 者 | 陳樹群; 許中立; | 書刊名 | 地工技術 |
卷 期 | 122 2009.12[民98.12] |
頁 次 | 頁77-86 |
分類號 | 443.63 |
關鍵詞 | 堰塞湖; 潰決; 溯源沖刷; 溢流; 莫拉克颱風; Landslide dam; Failure; Headcutting; Overflow; Typhoon Morakot; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 氣候變遷導致災害複雜化,例如堰塞湖與其所造成之災害已有逐漸增多之趨勢。堰塞湖的形成多是因為崩塌、地滑、土石流堵塞河道所致,因此天然壩的安全性遠不及以工程方法構築之人工壩,這也就是天然壩易產生潰決,以至於釀成巨災的原因。大多數的堰塞湖年限極短,主要潰決原因為溢流溯源沖刷。堰塞湖的壽命及潰決方式,受制於天然壩體大小、堵河之土砂材料特性、上游來水條件以及堰塞湖之蓄水容量等。2009年8月7到9日颱風莫拉克侵襲臺灣地區,超大的降雨造成東部與中南部的嚴重水患洪災,其受害規模與程度不亞於921地震災害,使得山坡地的崩塌、地滑或土石流數量暴增,堆積土石堵塞河道形成了大大小小的堰塞湖,初步研判的新生堰塞湖有17處。這些暴雨所形成之堰塞湖的壩身多矮而長,且在短時間內都發生過不同程度的潰決,而潰決的同時也造成河道的嚴重沖淤與水位變化,並且對下游村落造成一定程度之傷害,其中以小林村為甚。現存之堰塞湖則因均已溢流,雖然危險度已大幅降低,但建立完善的危機管理對策仍刻不容緩。 |
英文摘要 | As other compound disasters due to climate change, the occurrence probabilities of the landslide dam and its secondary disasters have been increasing gradually. The landslide dam is formed mostly by rock fall, landslide and debris flow blocking river. The safety of the natural dam is far below the artificial dam built by engineers, and the dam is apt to failure. The lives of most landslide dams are extremely short, due to overflow and headcutting mainly. The life-span and failure pattern of the landslide dam are affected by size of dam, soil material, inflow and capacity of the barrier lake etc. Typhoon Morakot attacked Taiwan in 7-9 Aug. 2009 and brought heavy rainfall causing serious floods and 17 landslide dams in the east and central-south Taiwan, and caused a serious damage more than Chichi earthquake did. Most landslide dams overwhelmed within a short time, meanwhile caused flushing, and serious change on the river morphology, and even human injury and property loss in downstream communities, such as Shiaolin village. Therefore, disaster mitigation and risk management of landslide dam need a great attention in the future. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。