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題 名 | JCE (Joint Criminal Enterprise)概念在國際刑法的實踐與羅馬規約的規範=The Notion of JCE (Joint Criminal Enterprise) in the Practice of International Criminal Law and Relevant Regulations of the Rome Statute |
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作 者 | 林雍昇; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際法季刊 |
卷 期 | 6:3 2009.09[民98.09] |
頁 次 | 頁125-155 |
分類號 | 579.95 |
關鍵詞 | 共同犯罪集團; 個人罪責原則; 公平歸責原則; 前南斯拉夫國際刑事法庭; 羅馬國際刑事法院規約; Joint criminal enterprise; Culpability principle; Fair imputation; ICTY; The Rome Statute; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 國際刑法所指涉的犯罪行爲,例如「危害人類罪(Crimes against humanity)」或「種族清洗罪(The crime of genocide)」等,通常甚至必然地,有爲數眾多的犯罪行爲人參與其中,國際或國家刑事司法機構在面對這些案件的審判時,最重要的是如何將犯罪責任公平地分配(fair Imputation)到所有涉及其中的個人身上。換句話說,對現代國際刑法理論最大的挑戰,在於如何建立一套公平地「爲自己行爲負責」並同時「分擔他人行爲責任」的刑事責任體系。在其中,「共同犯罪集團(joint criminal enterprise,簡稱JCE)」理論是擔負起這個重責大任中厥爲重要的理論之一,而事實上,也很難在國際刑法實務上發現完全不涉及該理論探討內涵的實際案例。然而,在國際刑法實務及學說中,「共同犯罪集團」這個概念也是最具爭議性,共識性最低,且體系及內容發展上最爲落後的理論。因此,本文的論述重點在回顧JCE理論之誕生及發展過程的同時,並檢討其在最近實務上之運用成效,最後則描繪出其納入羅馬規約後所呈現的樣貌。 |
英文摘要 | "Crimes against humanity", "the crime of genocide" and similar criminal behaviors defined by international criminal law are usually or even necessary to have multiple participants involved. Therefore it is essential for international and national criminal justice institutions to realize the fair imputation doctrine on all individuals involved in the cases. In other words, the greatest challenge to contemporary international criminal legal theories is how to establish a theoretical framework that determines "self responsibilities" and "shared responsibilities" on a fair ground. The notion of JCE (Joint Criminal Enterprise" has played a significant role in this regard. In fact, hardly there's any practical examples debated in the absence of JCE notion in the practice of international criminal law. Nonetheless, the concept of JCE is also the most controversial, dissented, and least developed systematically. This article starts from reviewing the developments of JCE, further examining its applications on recent legal practice in the international criminal law arena, and finally attempting to contour JCE after it's incorporated into the Rome Statute. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。