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題名 | GATS同類服務與服務供給者問題之研究(上)=The Analyses for Issues Related to Like Services and Service Suppliers under GATS |
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作 者 | 林伊君; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際法季刊 |
卷期 | 6:2 2009.06[民98.06] |
頁次 | 頁189-254 |
分類號 | 558.2 |
關鍵詞 | 不歧視待遇; 同類服務與服務供給者; 同類產品; 同類情形; 同類性之適用範圍; 統一服務分類項目; 供給模式; 電子化服務; W/120; CPC; Non-discrimination; GATS; Like services and service suppliers; Like products; Like circumstances; The coverage of likeness; United standard of classifications of services industries; Supply modes; Electronic services; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 適用GATS第二條與第十七條規定有一先決條件,須先認定案件之服務或服務供給者是否符合「同類服務與服務供給者」,唯有確定會員系爭措施規範對象與其他會員之服務或服務供給者,或是國內服務或服務供給者爲同類服務或同類服務供給者,方能判斷會員系爭措施有無對同類服務與服務供給者給予差別待遇。由於服務具有不可識別性與不可儲存性,欲判斷服務或服務供給者間是否爲同類服務或服務供給者實爲困難,加上GATS原文對「同類服務與服務供給者」之服務與服務供給者係以「和」爲連接詞,引發學者與會員就「同類服務」與「同類服務供給者」應屬累積適用或選擇適用亦爭議不斷。甚而,GATS第一條第一項將服務貿易區分爲四種不同供給模式,提供之服務或服務供給者會因使用供給模式之不同,而被認定爲不同類服務或不同類服務供給者?此外,如何解釋GATS「同類服務與服務供給者」之適用範圍,使其可與GATS第二條與第十七條規範目的相呼應,亦極具挑戰性。本文首先整理GATS「同類服務與服務供給者」之歷史演進,分析GATS「同類服務與服務供給者」存在之適用上爭議,進一步歸納GATS涉及「同類服務與服務供給者」案件中爭端解決小組與上訴機構之見解,以瞭解WTO爭端解決小組與上訴機構是否對GATS「同類服務與服務供給者」提出適當之解決。其次,基於GATS與關稅與貨品貿易總協定(The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade, GATT)規範之相似性,GATT/WTO設及「同類產品」爭端案件已建立起一定之認定方法,「GATS同類服務與服務供給者(下)」一文中將分析GATT/WTO涉及「同類產品」案件,探討GATS「同類服務與服務供給者」能否借重GATT/WTO「同類產品」之判決經驗,以解決相關適用上爭議。 |
英文摘要 | Observing recently GATS (The General Agreement on Trade in Services) cases, one fourth cases are relevant to non-discrimination regulations under GATS-Article 2 and 17. While applying to non-discrimination regulations of GATS, a essential condition for the Panel or Appellate Body, before considering whether Members' domestic measures in question are obstacles to international services market, is to determine whether foreign services and services suppliers and domestic services and service suppliers are 'like services' and 'like service supplier'. For 'like services and service suppliers' is a crucial requirement of non-discrimination regulations under GATS, finding out how to apply to 'like services and service suppliers' in WTO dispute settlements is an important research topic. Issues related to 'like services and service suppliers' include: how to determine 'like services' and 'like service suppliers'; how to decide whether the services and service suppliers through different supply modes are like services and like service suppliers; whether 'like services' and 'like service suppliers' should be calculated application or selected applicaiton. Notwithstanding the requirement of non-discrimination principles- 'like services and service suppliers' exists plenty problems, GATS did not define the meaning of 'like serivces' and 'like service suppliers', neither did GATS dispute cases clarify the application problems of 'like services and service suppliers'. In order to resolve issues of 'like services and service suppliers', firstly, the article discusses what issues are caused from applying to 'like services and service suppliers', and what factors make 'like services and services suppliers' so hard to explain. Then, the article researches how GATS cases apply to 'like servies and service suppliers'. In the third part, the article analyzes GATT (The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade)/WTO cases regarding 'like products'. Finally, by comparing the dispute cases of GATS and of GATT/WTO, the article demonstrates possible resolusions to the issues of 'like services and service suppliers'. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。