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題 名 | 毛澤東與劉少奇第一次重要的思想分歧--人性論=The Beginning Point of Ideological Difference Of Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi--Theory of Human Nature |
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作 者 | 段煉; | 書刊名 | 中正歷史學刊 |
卷 期 | 12 2009.12[民98.12] |
頁 次 | 頁195-210 |
分類號 | 191.6 |
關鍵詞 | 毛澤東; 劉少奇; 人性論; 階級鬥爭; 現實需要; 思想至上性; Mao zedong; Liu shaoqi; Theory of human nature; Class conflict; Practice the supremacy of thinking; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 1943年下半年毛澤東在劉少奇一封信上作批註,就人性提出自己看法,這是兩人合作共事後第一次出現重要思想分歧。毛澤東分析人性論的立足點是階級鬥爭、現實需要,劉少奇則受東西方文化影響,認為思想(理性精神)具有至上性。兩人的不同認識主要體現在兩個方面:毛澤東堅持人與動物的最基本區別在於人的社會性,是否承認這一點是唯物史觀與唯心史觀分水嶺,劉少奇提出思想是最基本區別;毛澤東堅持人的本質只能有一個:社會性,劉少奇提出人的本質包含自然性與社會性。在日常工作中,毛澤東對共產黨員的修養主要從政治意義去理解,劉少奇卻認為共產黨員修養包含很多內容,有修身處事的道理;毛澤東主張黨內錯誤認識主要體現了人的階級性,劉少奇則從人的自然性、社會性出發,主張黨員都可能犯錯誤;對於傳統文化和西方文明,毛澤東認為必須從階級分析角度認識,劉少奇則認為他們其中一些有普適性。 為此,毛澤東對劉少奇提出過批評。但劉少奇沒有完全放棄人性論主張,日後常在歷史關頭提出個人意見,與毛澤東產生矛盾,而且他的思想當時影響了千萬共產黨員,也非毛澤東所樂見。人性論成為毛澤東與劉少奇走向衝突的思想根源之一。 |
英文摘要 | In the second half of 1943 Mao Zedong made comments on a letter of Liu Shaoqi and put forward his views on human nature, which was the first ideological difference after the two high-level co-operation between them in the CPC. Mao analyzed theory of human nature on the ground of class struggle and practice, Liu was influenced by the Chinese traditional culture and Western civilization, he thought spirit has the supremacy.Difference of thoughts of two man was mainly reflected in two aspects: Mao, who adhered to the idea of that the most basic difference between humans and animals is socialization,considered that point a demarcation between historical materialism and idealism, Liu proposed idea is the most fundamental difference;Mao insisted there is only one factor in human essence: socialization, Liu proposed essence of man contains of nature and socialization. The difference of Philosophy were also reflected in the daily work, Mao considered cultivation of the communists is equivalent to politics, Liu thought self-cultivation of the communists is very important,including logic of everyday life;Mao stated that erroneous understanding in the Party only reflects the class character of man, Liu pointed out any party members may make mistakes;for traditional culture and Western civilization, Mao deemed must grasp them from the perspective of class analysis, but Liu thought some of them had universal value. So, Mao criticized Liu repeatedly,however Liu did not completely abandon the idea of human nature, often stated his own views on important historical junctures, this conflicted with Mao’s. Mao also did not forget the difference, he linked it to anti-revisionism. Theory of human nature is one of the ideological roots that pushed Mao and Liu from co-operation to conflict. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。