頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 利用百里酚防治蜂蟹蟎=The Control of Varroa Destructor Using Thymol in Honeybee Colonies |
---|---|
作 者 | 陳春廷; 吳佩珊; 陳裕文; 陳家鐘; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷 期 | 29:3 2009.10[民98.10] |
頁 次 | 頁153-164 |
分類號 | 438.7 |
關鍵詞 | 百里酚; 蜂蟹蟎; 蜜蜂; 防治; Thymol; Varroa destructor; Honeybee; Control; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 蜂蟹蟎 (Varroa destructor) 是台灣養蜂業最嚴重的敵害,本研究評估百 里酚 (thymol) 於不同季節與施用方式防治蜂蟹蟎的效果。百里酚室內殺蟎試 驗結果顯示,10 g 百里酚的效果最佳,施用後 0~15 日的三日殺蟎率皆達 81% 以 上,其平均殺蟎率則為 88.3 ± 9.7% (mean ± sd);5 g 百里酚處理組,施藥後 0~ 12 日的三日殺蟎率亦達 82% 以上,平均殺蟎率則為 76.6 ± 22.3%,但 13~15 日 的殺蟎率則下降為 45%;百里酚室內成蜂毒性試驗結果顯示,20 g 百里酚對成蜂具 有毒性,與 10 g 處理組及對照組具有顯著差異 (p < 0.05)。本研究於 2004 年 6~ 9 月進行百里酚的夏季田間試驗,百里酚 20 g 的處理組效果最佳,殺蟎率可達 93.2 ± 2.3%;百里酚 10 g 的處理組殺蟎率為 71.2 ± 14.2%,兩者具有顯著差異 (p < 0.05);如果改以每週使用 10 g 百里酚純藥,連續兩次,殺蟎率則為 89.1 ± 6.2%。 本研究另於 2004 年 12 月至 2005 年 1 月進行百里酚純藥 20 g 的冬季田間試 驗,結果顯示殺蟎率僅 13.7 ± 4.6%。另於 2005 年 12 月至 2006 年 1 月進行第 2 次冬季田間試驗,將百里酚磨成粉末狀,取 4 克粉末黏附於 21 cm x 28 cm 的單 面紙板上,每週更換藥劑 1 次,連續施用 3 次,紙板擺放位置分為平放巢框上方與 懸掛於巢片之間兩種處理方法;懸掛法處理組殺蟎率為 64.1 ± 19.0% (mean ± sd), 平放法處理組殺蟎率為 38.0 ± 13.0%,兩者具有顯著差異 (p < 0.05)。本研究又於 2006 年 4~5 月探討百里酚商品 Api Life VAR® 的防治效果,每週使用 10 g,連 續 3 週後殺蟎率為 88.2 ± 7.4%。本文中也針對百里酚在台灣的適用性與施用方法 提出防治建議。 |
英文摘要 | Varroa destructor is an ectoparasite of serious economic importance to beekeeping in Taiwan. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of thymol against varroa mites in honeybee colonies. In the laboratory trials of thymol against varroa mites, the 10 g thymol treatment provided the best results. The 0-15 days mite mortality was above 81% after treatment, with an 86.3 ± 11.7% (mean ± sd) mite mortality at 15 days post-treatment. The 5 g thymol treatment resulted in an average 82% mite mortality at 12 days post-treatment, with a 78.8 ± 18.8% mite mortality at 15 days post-treatment, but at days13 to 15 it caused only 45.8 ± 24.4% mite mortality. In the laboratory trials of the thymol toxin on adult bees, the 20 g treatment caused a significant increase in mortality of adult bees (p < 0.05). In the field trial, in the summer of 2004 (June to Sep), we evaluated the efficacy of thymol. The 20 g thymol treatment gave the best results, causing 93.2 ± 2.3% mite mortality; the thymol 10 g treatment resulted in a mite mortality of 71.2 ± 14.2%, There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the 2 dosages. We also obtained a similar result when 20 g thymol was divided into two equal parts of 10 g administration once a week. In the field trial in winter (Dec 2004 to Jan 2005), we evaluated the efficacy of thymol. The thymol 20 g treatment resulted in a mite mortality of 13.7 ± 4.6%. In the second field trial the next winter, we evaluated the efficacy of powdered thymol, by sticking 4 g of powdered thymol to a cardboard measuring 21 cm x 28 cm. We conducted three successive treatments at 7 day intervals by placing the thymol-covered cardboard onto the frames or between the bee space. These treatments resulted in a mite mortality of 38.0 ± 13.0% and 64.1% ± 19.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in mite mortality. This study also used Api Life VAR® 10 g by conducting three successive treatments resulting in a mite mortality of 88.2 ± 7.4%. These results suggest that applications of thymol would be effective to control the varroa mites in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。