頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 蜂群衰竭失調症=Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder |
---|---|
作 者 | 王重雄; 羅竹芳; 乃育昕; 王智源; 陳韻如; 黃偉峰; 簡慈盈; 吳治宇; | 書刊名 | 臺灣昆蟲 |
卷 期 | 29:3 2009.10[民98.10] |
頁 次 | 頁119-138 |
分類號 | 387.781 |
關鍵詞 | 蜂群衰竭失調症; 蜜蜂; 病毒; 微粒子; Colony collapse disorder; Honeybee; Virus; Nosema spp.; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 蜂群衰竭失調症 (colony collapse disorder,簡稱 CCD) 的特徵是造成西洋蜂羣 之外勤工蜂大量的消失,巢內只殘留蜂王、卵、剛羽化之工蜂和一些儲存的食物,且 在蜂巢內及養蜂場附近未見有大量死亡之屍體。此症嚴重地衝擊養蜂事業,亦對賴以 蜜蜂授粉之農作物的生產及對野生植物永續發展產生嚴重地威脅。直至目前為止,引 發 CCD 的因子可歸納為寄生蟲 (蜂蟹蟎)、病原體 (未發現或新的病原體:以色列急 性麻痺病毒和東方蜂微粒子)、農藥 (類尼古丁殺蟲劑:益達胺;花蜜及花粉內之系統 性殺蟲劑)、環境化學毒素 (污染物)、營養、蜂王源 (所培育的蜂王呈現遺傳瓶頸)、 基改作物 (GMO)、手機電波干擾以及蜂農管理方法等。許多學者相信 CCD 並非唯 一因素所造成,因此真正原因還是撲朔迷離中。雖然已證實所有 CCD 蜂巢皆有一共 同的病原病毒:以色列急性麻痺病毒 (Israeli acute paralysis virus,IAPV) 之感 染,但也不能排除各種因素之協力作用所致。理論上,病原體 (病毒及微粒子) 感染 中腸,造成工蜂營養缺失,蜂體虛弱,再加上蜂蟹蟎為害或其他因素,引發免疫力下 降,而促使外勤工蜂無法廻航所致。此乃是目前研究重點,本文僅就 CCD 有關的蜜 蜂病毒病及微粒子病作一綜論。 |
英文摘要 | Honeybee colony collapse disorder (CCD) is characterized by the mass loss of honeybee workers. Only the queen, her brood, a small number of newly emerged workers and the food stores are left behind in the hive, with only a few dead bees in the affected hive or apiary. This syndrome impacts seriously not only on the apiary industry, but also on crop production and on native plants that rely on honeybees for pollination. The suspects for causing CCD are pests (varroa mites) and pathogens (especially undiscovered/new diseases: IAPV and Nosema ceranae); pesticides (neonicotinoids: imidacloprid; systemic insecticides in the plants’ nectar and pollen) and chemical toxins in the environment (pollutants); nutrition; queen source (the occurrence of a genetic bottle neck in breeder queens); genetically modified crops; radiation from mobile phones; and the management style of the beekeeper. Many scientists believe that CCD is caused by a combination of several of the above factors, and the cause of CCD has not yet been determined and remains under investigation. Recently a common pathogen, Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), from CCD honeybees was discussed in the literature, although a synergistic effect with other factors can not be excluded as a potential cause of CCD. In theory, the infection of midgut cells with viral pathogens or microsporidia leads to malnutrition of the honeybee, and the parasitism of the varroa mites weakens or suppresses the immunity system of the honeybee, and this could be the reason why CCD honeybees lose their navigation ability. So far, this subject is the main research focus in CCD studies. This report reviewed the important research works to date on CCD-associated viruses and microsporidia. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。