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題名 | Changes in Physiological Parameters Induced by Simulated Driving Tasks: Morning VS. Afternoon Session=模擬駕駛任務所引發的生理參數變化:早上vs.下午時段 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 梁文杰; 阮約翰; 孫德銓; 林明漢; | 書刊名 | 工業工程學刊 |
卷期 | 25:6 2008.11[民97.11] |
頁次 | 頁457-471 |
分類號 | 447.17 |
關鍵詞 | 駕駛疲勞; 心率變異; 恆定; 自律神經系統; 模擬駕駛; Driving fatigue; Heart rate variability; HRV; Homeostasis; Autonomic nervous system; ANS; Simulated driving; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 簡介:駕駛疲勞是造成交通意外事故的一項很常見的原因,下半身包括腿部、臀部及腰部無法移動於駕駛疲勞中扮演一個很重要的角色,此種情況會阻礙血液循環及引發血液動力學的的改變。目的:本研究之目的爲探討上午及下午兩時段分別執行室內靜態駕駛模擬,並且監視生理參數的變化。方法:40位年輕男性受測者被分成A(上午)、B(下午)兩組來進行90分鐘的室內模擬駕駛任務,駕駛任務前後使用新型腕式生理監視器--心律大師(ANSWatch®)來量測血壓(SYS/DIA)、心搏率(HR)、心率變異(HRV)等生理參數,心律大師(ANSWatch®)是直接採用對稱於手腕處內建生物感應器(Bio-sensor)而獲取橈動脈波形,另外藉由高精確度紅外線溫度量測儀來量測手掌溫度,每一位受測者於駕駛任務前後被要求填寫主觀疲勞問卷評價。結果:(1).由成對t檢定知:無論上午或下午時段,駕駛任務後皆會造成心搏率(HR)及手掌溫度顯著遞減、HRV及VLF(AU)顯著遞增;對上午時段而言,駕駛後LF(AU)及LF(NU)顯著遞增、HF(NU)顯著遞減;反之,對下午時段而言,駕駛後LF(NU)及LF/HF顯著遞減、HF(NU)顯著遞增(p<0.05)。(2).由One-way及Two-way多變量分析(MANOVA)知:整體而言,駕駛任務前或後,上下午兩時段受測者生理參數沒有顯著差異,雖然駕駛任務前LF(AU)、LF(NU)及LF/HF三項參數下午時段高於上午時段(p<0.05)。(3).由主觀疲勞問卷知:所有受測者於駕駛任務後都明顯感覺疲勞,而駕駛任務前(Score baseline)及駕駛前後變化(Score change)對兩時段都未達顯著的差異。結論:不同時段駕駛任務後多項生理參數之變化趨勢有所差異,從上午時段結果知,由於連續駕駛使得下半身血液循環不良,造成手掌溫度及心搏率(HR)遞減,但由於體內自律神經啟動交感,而使得LF(AU)、LF(NU)及HRV明顯遞增,因此收縮壓(SYS)得以維持恆定狀態;但到了下午時段,手掌溫度、心搏率(HR)及收縮壓(SYS)皆明顯遞減,此刻體內啟動副交感(HF(NU)明顯遞增)而促使身體進入昏睡狀態,此狀況在實際的道路駕駛中會增加意外的風險,本研究藉由多重生理參數的監控可了解身體維持恆定的程度,並在未來將偏離恆定狀態的程度定量為駕駛疲勞或昏睡指標之一。 |
英文摘要 | Introduction: Driving fatigue is one of the most common causes for traffic accidents. Immobilization of legs, hip, and waist is thought to play a major role in driving fatigue, as it hinders blood circulation and induce hemodynamic changes. Objective: the objective of the study was to monitor changes in physiological parameters before and after in-door simulated driving tasks conducted in the morning as well as afternoon sessions. Methods: 40 young male subjects were randomly divided into morning (group A) and afternoon (group B) sessions and participated in the 90-min simulated in-door driving task. Before and after the task, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were measured using a novel wrist monitor ANS Watch(superscript ®) which utilized built-in bio-sensors in the cuff to acquire radial pulse waves directly. Palm temperatures were measured by a high-precision thermometer. A questionnaire ranking driving fatigue was filled by each volunteer before and after the driving task. Results: (1) From paired t-tests, both the morning and afternoon driving tasks caused decreases in HR and palm temperatures, and increases in HRV and VLF(AU) (Very low frequency (absolute unit)); For the morning session, LF(AU) (Low frequency (absolute unit)) and LF(NU) (Low frequency (normalized unit)) increased while HF(NU) (High frequency (normalized unit)) decreased; In contrast, LF(NU) and LF/HF decreased while HF(NU) increased for the afternoon session (all changes p<0.05). Systolic pressure was maintained in the morning session but dropped in the afternoon session (p<0.05). (2) From one-way and two-way MANOVA analyses, there was no significant difference between morning and afternoon session for the entire group of physiological parameters measured before or after driving tasks; However, LF(AU), LF(NU), and LF/HF three individual parameters measured before driving were higher in the afternoon session than in the morning session (p<0.05). (3) From written questionnaire, all subjects felt some degree of fatigue following the driving task. No statistical difference existed between the two driving sessions in terms of fatigue score baseline or score change due to driving. Conclusion: Multiple physiological parameters showed significant changes after simulated driving tasks. Distinct trends were found between the two driving sessions. In the morning session, poor circulation in the lower body (limbs, abdomen, and hip) caused decrease in palm temperatures and HR, but BP were maintained due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system as evidenced by increased HRV, LF(AU), and LF(NU). For the afternoon session, palm temperatures, HR and systolic pressure were all lowered. Parasympathetic nervous system was activated [indicated by increased HF(NU)] prompting the body to enter a sleepy state, which greatly increases accident risks in actual road driving. Monitoring of multiple physiological parameters in the study had gained great insight into mechanisms of homeostasis and provided a foundation in the future work to quantify driving fatigue in terms of degree of deviation from homeostatic states. |
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