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題 名 | 臺灣校園霸凌現象與危機因素之解析=Bullying at Taiwan's Schools: Risk Factors for Bullying |
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作 者 | 邱靖惠; 蕭慧琳; | 書刊名 | 兒童及少年福利期刊 |
卷 期 | 15 2009.06[民98.06] |
頁 次 | 頁147-170 |
分類號 | 527.59 |
關鍵詞 | 霸凌; 危機因素理論; 量化研究; 臺灣中小學; Bullying; Risk factors for bullying; Quantitative research; Elementary and junior high schools; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 霸凌(bully) 係一個長期存在於校園的問題,指蓄意且具傷害性的行為,通常會持續重複出現在固定孩子之間的一種欺凌現象。根據兒童福利聯盟文教基金會的調查,台灣校園中,一成左右的孩子每週至少被同學欺負一次,逾六成的孩子自陳在學校曾被同學欺負,可見在台灣,「霸凌」為相當普遍之校園現象。 目前國外針對校園霸凌已研究出具預測力的危機理論,可有效預測霸凌行為的發生,該危機因素可分成學校、家庭、個人三大面向,學校危機因素包括:師生關係、同儕品質、校園連結、校園成績表現;家庭危機因素包括:父母監督、親子關係、家庭社經地位、家庭衝突、家庭結構;個人危機因素包括:性別、年紀、生氣特質、衝動控制、暴力態度、毒品使用、吸煙/喝酒的偏差行為、直接暴力受創經驗、間接暴力受創經驗。本研究擬引用此西方理論架構,以問卷調查方式,量化分析學校、家庭、個人三大危機因素與台灣校園霸凌行為之關聯性,並研究背景因素—年級、性別對於霸凌行為之影響。 調查於96年6月21日至6月29日施測,從台北、台中、高雄、花蓮等四地,選取九所國小及八所國中,針對國小四、五年級與國中一、二年級的學童進行問卷調查,計發出2,120份問卷,回收1,919份有效問卷,回收率達91%。結果發現,學校及個人危機因素具有霸凌行為預測力,使得霸凌發生率有顯著差異;而家庭危機因素缺乏預測力,可能緣自於台灣與國外的文化、種族特性不同。此外,不同年級、性別的學童其霸凌行為均有顯著性差異,男性學童的霸凌行為較女性多,中學生的霸凌行為較小學生多。 透過本研究的結果與建議,可作為後續進入校園設計、執行反霸凌實驗方案,以及未來學校社工因應霸凌問題之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Bullying is most commonly defined as a set of aggressive behaviors at school that usually occurs to specific individuals over an extended period of time. According to the research of Children Welfare League Foundation (CWLF), there are 10 percents of Taiwan’s children who have been bullied at least once a week. Moreover, there are over 60 percents of children experienced bullying by their classmates, which seems to be a common and serious problem in the school environment. Western researchers explored various aspects of risk factors in order to predict the possibilities of bullying, including school, family and individual factors. School factors may include student-teacher relationship, peer quality factors, the bond to school, and academic achievement. Family factors could be disciplines, child-parent relationship, socioeconomic status of families, conflicts between family members, and family structures. Individual factors may include gender, age, temperament of anger, impulsiveness, aggressiveness and aberration behavior, such as drug abuse, smoking, alcohol use, direct-violent, as well as indirect-violent experiences. Based on the risk factor analysis, this study aims to probe the reasons why children in Taiwan behave as bullies, and whether specific factors would cause bullying by quantitative questionnaire survey. The result of this study shows that school and individual factors could increase more possibilities of bullying than family factors did. Besides, gender and age differences have been found in this study. Males are more likely to bully than females, and bullying tends to increase during the secondary school years. According to these evidences, educators and social workers in Taiwan could establish policies and procedures to prevent the possibilities of bullying. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。