頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 進口米之害蟲與害蟎種類調查及監測=Survey and Monitoring of Insect and Mite Pests in Imported Rice |
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作者 | 姚美吉; 李啟陽; 路光暉; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 58:1 2009.03[民98.03] |
頁次 | 頁17-30 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 進口米; 檢疫害蟲; 米象; 粉斑螟蛾; 腐食酪蟎; Imported rice; Quarantine pests; Sitophilus oryzae; Cadra cautella; Tyrophagus putrescentiae; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 因應加入世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization, WTO)後,台灣自2002年開始進口稻米及長期貯藏,進口時害蟲檢疫及進倉後害蟲防疫爲貯藏管理兩個重要關鍵。爲瞭解進口米之害蟲爲害狀況,本研究自2003至2006年止,針對每一批米進行害蟲檢疫調查,並於部分倉庫進行長期害蟲監測。害蟲檢疫上,共調查117個樣品,樣品中含活蟲之比例達12%,檢出之害蟲並無法定公告之檢疫害蟲,主要種類爲米象(Sitophilus oryzae)。貯藏階段之害蟲監測,發現11種害蟲及1種害蟎。在常溫倉中,害蟲於貯藏13週後即開始發生,害蟲發生密度平均低於每公斤糙米含10隻以下。貯藏26週後,害蟲則普遍大量發生,密度均高於每公斤35隻以上。主要害蟲種類爲米象、擬穀盜(Tribolium castaneum)、背圓粉扁蟲(Ahasveru sadvena)、角胸粉扁蟲(Cryptolestes pusillus)、粉斑螟蛾(Cadra cautella)、茶蛀蟲(Liposcelis divinatorius)及腐食酪蟎(Tyrophagus putrescentiae)。低溫倉貯藏,害蟲發生明顯降低,延後於貯藏26週後才開始發生,主要害蟲爲米象及腐食酪蟎。低溫倉常因壓縮機損壞導致溫濕度失控,而使害蟲大量發生,害蟲密度甚至超過常溫倉。不論低溫或常溫倉,在害蟲發生時均以磷化鋁(Aluminum phosphide)燻蒸方式處理,效果良好。貯藏倉庫之害蟲監測,自2005年起,於每月月初提供害蟲調查月報表給倉庫管理單位,供防治時機之參考依據,已使常溫及低溫倉中之害蟲發生量均有降低趨勢。若能持續落實害蟲檢疫及害蟲監測,將能有效降低害蟲發生及進口米之危害損失。 |
英文摘要 | After joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002, there is a significant increase in import of rice in Taiwan. As a result, monitoring foreign species of rice pests have become important strategies for management of imported rice. A survey program was conducted during 2003-2006 to inspect every shipment of rice to Taiwan for pests and monitor some warehouses for outbreaks of pests of rice in storage. Live insects and/or mites were found in 12% of the 117 samples of rice but none of them were listed as quarantine pests in Taiwan. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) was the predominant species among these pests. For rice samples stored in warehouse, 11 species of insects and one species of mite were found. For brown rice stored at room temperature (18-34℃) for 13 weeks, the number of insects was below 10 insects per kilogram of rice but it increased to 35 insects per kilogram of rice after stored for 26 weeks. The major pests in the rice samples were Sitophilus oryzae (L), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Ahasverus advena (Waltl), Cryptolestes pusillus (Schoherr), Cadra cautella (Walker), Liposcelis divinatorius (Müller), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). Pests in low temperature warehouses (15-18℃) did not occurred until 26 weeks of storage, and the major pests were Sitophilus oryzae (L), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). For rice samples stored at low temperature, insect pest appeared after storage for 26 weeks with Sitophilus oryzae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae as predominant species. However, a breakdown of cooling systems often resulted in severe outbreaks of pests for rice stored at low temperature warehouses and the level of pest infestation was even higher than the rice samples stored at room temperature. Aluminum phosphide was an effective fumigant for control of pests of rice stored at low or room temperature. A monthly survey program initiated in 2005 was used to monitor insect pests on imported rice stored at low temperature and room temperature warehouses. This program provided crucial information on infestation and control of pests in rice stored in warehouses of normal or low temperature. This monitoring program would be an effective plant quarantine strategy preventing importation of pests in imported rice. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。