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題名 | 論《史記.五帝本紀》首黃帝之意義=The Intention to Begin from Huang-Ti in “Shi-ji Biographic Sketches of Five Emperors” |
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作者姓名(中文) | 林立仁; | 書刊名 | 人文社會學報. 國立臺灣科技大學 |
卷期 | 5 2009.03[民98.03] |
頁次 | 頁39-67 |
分類號 | 621.15 |
關鍵詞 | 黃帝; 五帝本紀; 史記; 司馬遷; Huang-Ti; Biographic sketches of five emperors; Shi-Ji; Ssu-Ma Chien; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 太史公司馬遷承父著史遺志,並以身膺五百年大運,上繼孔子《春秋》之史學、文化道統為其職志,著《史記》欲達「究天人之際,通古今之變,成一家之言」之境界。然《史記》百三十篇何以首黃帝?且〈本紀〉所述黃帝形象與〈封禪書〉中所見不同,一書而有二說,如此安排,是否寓涵作史深意?緣此,筆者遂取以為題。 文中首論《史記‧五帝本紀》所見黃帝形象,自孔子作《春秋》以來,史家之人文意識逐漸抬頭,太史公承此精神,進一步以「人」為本位,思考歷史發展之規律,因此,敘黃帝之形象便著力於「修德仁民」之事蹟,不僅為後世帝王立典範,更對時政寓諷刺之意。再者,將《史記》刻劃之黃帝形象與神話及先秦載籍所見作比較,在神話中可以看到古史、神話與傳說雜揉之情況;在諸子百家書中,可看到各取所需而塑造黃帝不同之形象,其中也透露了各家學說對古史世系的組織逐漸成型,只是諸說紛陳,直到太史公取《大戴禮》中之〈五帝德〉及〈帝繫姓〉作成〈五帝本紀〉,才使古史系統初步定型。 接著則是本文之重心-「論《史記‧五帝本紀》首黃帝之意義」,雖然黃老之學在漢初已為社會思潮之主流,太史公在此大環境及父親司馬談崇黃老家學的雙重影響下,其作《史記》以黃帝為首是很容易理解的。但筆者以為除了環境及家學背景之外,應有更深層之意涵值得探討,遂就:大一統史觀、敘漢史淵源、寓諷諫深意等三個層面加以討論。另外,黃帝時期之器物製作,開拓華夏文化的端源,實為中華文明之曙光,如此成就,置之書首,亦稱允當!最後由〈五帝本紀〉贊語述太史公作史之法,且為後世史家立則發凡,因成茲篇。 |
英文摘要 | As a historian and with his father’s unfulfilled wish, Ssu-Ma Chien determined to undertake the history of 500 years ago by inheriting and exalting Confucian historical science and orthodoxy from “Chunchiu” and write “Shi-ji” as a masterpiece which linked ideas of mankind and spirits, explained the change of time, and integrated all ideas into only one in it. Why did he set Huang-Ti as the first chapter? Furthermore, he revealed the different images of Huang-Ti in “Biographic Sketches of Emperors” and “Feng-Shan-Shu”. Did he imply any special meaning in it? That’s why I choose this topic On the image of Huang-Ti in the first episode, “Shiji- Biographic Sketches of Five Emperors”, we can comprehend that the historians’ cultural senses enhanced gradually after Confucius’s Chunchiu. Following this idea, furthermore, Ssu-Ma thought over the order of historical evolvements by basing “people” as his central idea. Therefore, he focused images of Huang-Ti on his charity to people not only to establish a paragon for future emperors but also to put politics irony intended. Furthermore, comparing with Shiji, we can find the image of Huang-Ti combined with ancient history and legends in other myths and molded as different shapes by various schools. It revealed that various schools started to establish their own ideas and systems which were not the same with others about ancient history until Ssu-Ma’s integrating. Let’s talk about my topic. Ssu-Ma was influenced by the environment and the theory of Huang-Ti and Lao-tzu, the main trend of thought in early Han Dynasty, from his father, so it’s really easy to understand why he set Huang-Ti as the first section in “Shi-ji”. Besides that, I think there should be more profound meanings and discuss them in three parts: a unified view of history, the history of the narration of the Han, and irony. In addition, during Huang-Ti, the production of artifacts to open up the client the source of Chinese culture is indeed the dawn of Chinese civilization. Cause of the great achievement, it’s no doubt to set it as the first section of Shiji. Finally, I sum up Ssu-Ma’s method of writing history by “Biographic Sketches of Five Emperors” which became a paragon for future historians. That’s why I write this article. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。