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題名 | 生物剽竊與遺傳資源取得法制之研究=Biopiracy and the Regulation of Access to Genetic Resources |
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作者姓名(中文) | 李彥群; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際法季刊 |
卷期 | 3:4 民95.12 |
頁次 | 頁243-288 |
分類號 | 367 |
關鍵詞 | 生物剽竊; 遺傳資源; 生物多樣性公約; 取得; 傳統知識; 專利; Biopiracy; Genetic resources; Convention on Biological Diversity; Access; Traditional knowledge; Patent; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著生物技術之進步,人類對各種遺傳資源之利用也日漸拓展,遺傳資源在從糧農到醫藥等各領域中扮演重要角色,並帶來龐大商機,然其取得與利用也衍生出被稱為「生物剽竊」之問題。此一問題涉及生物多樣性之保育;專利制度之修改;傳統知識之保護等議題,因而受到國際關注,許多國家業已完成遺傳資源取得法制之立法以資因應。我國地處亞熱帶,擁有豐富的生物多樣性與遺傳資源,也同樣面臨生物剽竊之問題,因此實有必要對於生物剽竊與遺傳資源法制之議題進行研究,以保護我國之遺傳資源免於濫用。本研究之結論認為,生物剽竊之問題反映遺傳資源市場出現市場失靈之情形,若能針對此一市場失靈之情形加以改善,則不僅各種遺傳資源將能得到充分開發與利用,亦可為擁有此等資源之國家或人民提供保育之經濟上誘因。關於此一問題,國際上雖有生物多樣性公約提出之若干重要原則得以遵循,但更重要的是各國以其國內法制訂相應的遺傳資源取得法制加以落實。我國現行法規雖有部分規範似可適用於遺傳資源之取得,但仍然有所不足,亟待積極立法以資改善。我國學者提出之遺傳資源法草案業已具備遺傳資源取得法制之基本雛形,盼能獲得各界之充分參與,早日完成立法,以有效保護我國之遺傳資源,並維護國家與人民之權益。 |
英文摘要 | As biological technology advances, uses of genetic resources have been expanding. While genetic resources play significant roles in sectors ranging from food and agriculture to medicine and bring on considerable commercial interests, from the access and manipulation thereof has emerged an issue called "biopiracy", which is related to the conservation of biodiversity, the modification of patent regime, the protection of traditional knowledge and other topics. Therefore, the issue of biopiracy is gathering international concerns. Meanwhile many nations have adapted laws and regulations on access to genetic resources in response. Taiwan, blessed with high-level biodiversity and genetic resources while faced with the problem of biopiracy, should undertake researches on biopiracy and the regulation of access to genetic resources in order to protect its valuable resources from appropriation. In general, this study concludes that biopiracy represents the failure for the market of genetic resources. Mending such market failure will not only help achieve sustainable use of genetic resources but provide economical incentives for the nations and their people that own such resources. National access regulations or access laws must be in place if the principles and objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity are to be fulfilled. Current regulations in Taiwan are far from efficiency over this issue and a regulation specifically dealing with such issue is needed. This study finds the Draft Act, while further improvement is still required, suitable for the need for Taiwan to effectively manage and regulate access to its genetic resources. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。